ER diagram

Entity-Relationship Methodology

Capturing an organization’s information and knowledge and making both accessible to users across the company requires an investment of time and money. Not only must the right systems be put in place and the right applications chosen for accessing the information and knowledge, but the company’s employees must also learn to understand and use the appropriate knowledge tools. The issues involved in providing the right technology are complex. The development of an appropriate knowledge infrastructure must take this important fact into account (1992). The Entry-Relationship methodology shows what are needed data for the database to function. In the side of the customers their name, ID number and Phone number are needed to serve as their records and it also serves as a better way to identify them. In the side of the product order the specific order is needed as well as how many orders of such product was made. This information can help in calculating the total of the order per amount of product.

Relational Schema

One of the most powerful and useful abilities in the human learning repertoire is schema induction. It is probably the main means by which the raw material of mental models is first obtained. It entails constructing a representation of the essential relations in a task or situation as a result of experience. Experimental work has shown that both humans and higher animals have this ability, so it is presumably a rather basic part of our cognitive equipment (1995). Nevertheless, it does not occur easily or automatically. The question has been reviewed elsewhere in the context of so-called learning set acquisition and analogical transfer Learning set research entails training on a series of discrimination problems that have nothing in common except their structure. It is argued that learning set acquisition entails induction of a relational schema, which is transferred from problem to problem by analogical mapping (1995).  The next part of the paper will convert the E-R diagram into relational schema.

 

Customer_schema = (Customer_name, Customer_ ID, Phone_number) 

 

The said relational schema describes the different things that are included in the Customer_schema. Each of the things included in the said schema helps in giving a more vivid description of the customer. It also categorizes certain information about the customer for easy referencing. The next part will then perform queries to the relational schema that were proposed.

Queries to the relational Schema

a. Names, Address and Phone Numbers

Name	Address	Phone Numbers
Fredrick Chu	Hong Kong	85 2 22485678
Denise Wang	China	85 2 22710117
Wilson Lio	China	85 2 21176054

 

b. Details of transaction

Name	Transaction
Fredrick Chu	Purchased round neck shirt
Denise Wang	Purchased Tight fitting Jeans
Wilson Lio	Purchased formal attire

 

c. Most popular purchased item

The most popular purchased item for the company includes Round neck shirts, Formal Attire, Jeans and Corporate Pants. These items were chosen because of their durability.

 

d. Stock levels in a region

Region	Item	Stock Level
China	Jeans	23 left out of 50 stocks
Hong Kong	Round Neck Shirts	11 left out of 50 stocks
Macau	Corporate Pants	29 left out of 50 stocks

e. Turnover of a branch in the past 3 months

Month	Turnover
November	13
December	9
January	11

 

f. Details of the outstanding orders of a branch

The different branches have different outstanding orders. This is due to the different culture of the country the branch is in. The age of the clients buying in the branch also affects the orders of a branch.

 

g. Top customer of the region

The top customer of the region was . He often frequented the store in his branch and in every visit he made sure that he purchases an item in that store. This makes him one of the company’s dearest clients.

 

 

 

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Comments

[Aroos]

pls sen er diagram

Scenario

Wall Mart is a famous supermarket where they sell all kinds of items which you need for day to day life.

The supermarket has been seperated in to 5 sections namely Grocery Items, Fruits, Vegetables, Household Items and Refirigerator Products. Each section consists of its section id, section name and the number of salesmen attached to the section. And each section contains many items in different brands and each section section handles by several salesmen. Wall Mart also keeps the record of the satff members including salesmen with their Name, Address, Contact Numbers and the section they attached.

There are many suppliers who supply goods for Wall Mart. Each supplier can provide different types of goods. Wall Mart keeps the record of all the suppliers with the Name, Address, Contact Residence No, Contact Mobile No, Brands they supply, a list of items with quantity and the Unit Price they supply for each of the brands is recorded. The payments will be settled to the suppliers only at the end of the month by cash, credit card or cheques. When an item is supplied to the Wall Mart it will be recorded in the stock by giving a code, name, description, section it belongs, cost price, sales price, stock in hand, reorder level, returning condition and any comments. Returning condition will describe whether the item can be returned or not, if returnable, within how many days it should be returned.
Wall Mart has introduced a privilege card for the customers whom they can earn point for the amount of goods they buy. Each 100 rupees count as one rupee (Rs.100.00 = 1 point). When they earn points they can reduce number of points they earn from the supermarket bill if they want (if customer earned 100 points he can deduct Rs.100 from the bill). When a new customer comes he/she will be provided with an ID card, Customer name, address and contact no. When a customer makes a payment a receipt will be given to the customer. Date of the payment, amount paid, and payment mode will be printed on the receipt. And to make the customers more satisfied the details like customer ID, Name and the points gained by the customer will also be printed on it.
The people who are staying in the sales counters can only enter the billing details and they are not allowed to change the unit price or to delete any items from the list or add any item to the list. The administrator is allowed to do the following:
• Add new items to the sales list,
• Add new operators to the system,
• Delete Items from the sales list,
• Alter the unit price,
• Take backups of the daily sales at 9.00 P.M.
The above administrative operations are done in the server computer which is handled only by the administrator and the permission to the point of sales operators are provided by the administrator through the server. Creating logins (user name, password) is done by the administrator only and the operators do not have any rights to change or create any login.

The stock details are maintained in a computer by the store keeper which is again controlled by the administrator through the server. Furthermore you could decide on the necessary privileges required by the store keeper in order to achieve the relevant tasks.

TASK 1

1.1 Compare and contrast the Flat file Systems and the Databases considering the redundancy, dependency, integrity and security.
1.2 Discuss about the different database technologies such as hierarchical model/relational model/object model/network model and select a proper model for the above scenario by justifying your choice.
1.3 Discuss two different approaches and select the best approach to design above scenario database.

TASK 2

2.1 Implement proper constraints, integrities and anomalies in your database where it reduces the complications in handling your database. Identify tables, fields, data types, primary key/foreign key, relationships, ER diagrams and Normalization.
2.2 By identifying the above mentioned criteria create a Database called WallMartDB.
2.3 Design and implement the table structure.

TASK 3

3.1 Insert appropriate data in to the designed tables in order to retrieve data for different tasks.
3.2 Create following views;
i. Display the number of point earned by each customer (with their name and address)
ii. Display the Product details supply by suppliers.
iii. Display the section names and the attached persons’ contact details.

3.3 Create following Stored Procedures;
i. Stored procedure to insert records in to each table.
ii. To search Customers details and points earned for a given Customer Card Id.

3.4 Create a trigger to update the number of salesmen attached to each section when you update the attached section of the salesmen. And also when you insert a new record (new salesman) and attach a section it should update the number of salesmen attached to each section.
3.5 Display Sales personnel personal details attached to Section Id 1 and Section Id 2 in a graphical query tool (QBE) following the three steps.

TASK 4

4.1 By applying your knowledge in databases identify your database environment and decide the type of security options and give privileges according to their status to make your database more secure. (Ex: Logins, roles, restrictions, privileges)

4.2 Discuss strength and weaknesses of the selected database approach that you mentioned in Task 1.3

4.3 Discuss how you are going to validate and verify your database with the testing techniques by entering different types of test data.

4.4 Create a backup of your database.

Grading Criteria
Learning Outcome Assessment Criteria Tasks Reference (Page Nos.) Achieved Yes / No / Partial
P1. Understand data models and database technology P 1.1 Provide evidence to support an understanding of different data models. Compare and contrast different data model structures and examine their contribution to database development.

P 1.2 Examine case material that focuses on developments such as data mining and data warehousing.
P 1.3 Analyze the different approaches to database design.
Task 1.1

Task 1.2

Task 1.3

2. Design a relational database to meet user requirements P 2.1 Apply data analysis and design techniques to develop a fully relational database with minimum of six tables.
P 2.2 Verify that a design meets user requirements and provide justification of the database design.

P 2.3 Use a range of database tools and techniques to demonstrate a more advanced level of understanding and application
Task 2.1

Task 2.2

Task 2.3
3. Use manipulation and query tools and techniques
P 3.1 Incorporate query language/languages into the database design
P 3.2 Use a range of visual tools to enhance the database design.
P 3.3 Demonstrate the extraction of meaningful data through the use of query tools. Task 3.1

Task 3.2, 3.5

Task 3.3, 3.4
4. Implement and test database design
P 4.1 Provide documentation to support the database implementation
P 4.2 Demonstrate ways in which the database has considered the areas of verification and validation
P 4.3 Evaluate a range of testing techniques and apply one to your own database design
Task 4.1

Task 4.2, 4.3

Task 4.4

Pass Criteria

Merit Criteria
Learning Outcome No
(Refer Annexure for detailed descriptions) Assessment Criteria / Possible Evidence
Task Reference (Page Nos.) Assessor feedback / Comments - Achieved (Yes / No / Partial)
M1 identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions
M1.1, M1.2 Report: Answers reflect that effective judgments have been made about the specific content and the level of information. The answers show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied within the scenario e.g. database design, Normalization etc.

M2 select/design and apply Appropriate methods/techniques
M2.1, M2.3 Application: a range of sources of information has been applied in terms of different fact finding techniques which are well summarized. The relevant theories and techniques have been applied e.g. Triggers, Strode Procedures, Methodologies, Database tools etc.

M3 present and communicate appropriate findings
M 3.1, M3.3 Application: a range of methods of presentation have been used in terms of diagrams SQL Queries, Testing Techniques etc. relevant technical language has been used accurately

Distinction Criteria

Learning Outcome No
(Refer Annexure for detailed descriptions) Assessment Criteria / Possible Evidence
Task Reference (Page Nos.) Assessor feedback- Achieved Y / N / Partial
D1 use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions
D1.1 Report: proper evaluation and justification shown in the answers and relevant conclusions have been arrived at thorough synthesis of ideas.

D2 take responsibility for managing and organizing activities
D2.1 Autonomy/Independence – Tasks have been attempted with minimal assistance provided by the lecturer.
D3 demonstrate convergent/lateral/ creative thinking
D3.1. D3.5 Report: ideas have been generated and proper evaluation and decisions taken based on facts gathered within the scenario; Solutions reflect innovation and creative thought – more than one alternative provided for tasks

Common Skill Outcomes

By completing this assignments and submitting proper evidence, you can claim for the following common skills outcomes.

Outcomes/ Assessment criteria Assessed by
Assignment In Class/group work Tasks Grade Remarks
1 Manage own roles and responsibilities
2 Manage own time in achieving objectives √
3 Undertakes personal and career development
4 Transfer skills gained to new an changing situations
5 Treat others values and beliefs and opinion with respect
6 Relate to and interact effectively with individuals and groups √
7 Works effectively as a member of a team √
8 Receive and responds to a variety of information
9 Present information in a variety of visual forms √
10 Communicating in writing √
11 Participate in non-verbal communication
12 Use information sources √
13 Deal with a combination of routine and non – routine problems
14 Identify and solve routine and non – routine problem
15 Apply numerical skills and techniques
16 Use a range of technological equipment and systems
17 Apply a range of skills and techniques to develop a variety of ideas
18 Use a range of thought process. √

Review Plan
Date 15/10/2009 24/10/2009 31/10/2009 07/11/2009
Progress to be met Assignment Discussion
Tasks 1, Task 2 Task 3, Task 4 Complete typing work

In order to ease your task and to proceed in a systematic manner the following steps are recommended in completing your assignment.

1. Read and understand the scenario. Extract all the key information given.
2. Adopt a general approach to the tasks given and clear your doubts with your assessor, if any.
3. Breakdown the problems into manageable portions.
4. Analysis the information provided in the case study.
5. Write down the basic solutions in point form that occurs to you with the knowledge you have.
6. Refer books, browse internet and related materials to collect notes related to the tasks in order to invent better solutions.
7. Complete your answers with the best solution you may recommend. Make your answers more realistic.
8. Organize your answers to make the readers understand it easily.
9. Correct your language with the help of an English teacher.
10. Observe whether your report is understood by both who are knowledgeable and those who are not knowledgeable in the subject.
11. Make the necessary changes to make your views more clear.
12. Arrange all the materials in a report format and check whether all the pages are in order.
13. Get your assessor’s comments by producing your report, if needed. (Hand written solutions too could be given.)
14. Prepare your final documentation and submit it on time.
15. Neat and orderly presentation is required to make your solutions clear to the assessor.

Deliverable: Hard copy of word processed Report.

NOTE:-

• You should include the COVER PAGE and the LAST 4 PAGES of the Grading Criteria of this assignment when you submit your final report

• More work is required to achieve a pass. If you submitted your assignment after the deadline set above your assignment will be only marked for PASS provided it falls within the extended deadline.

• If submitted after the extended deadline, the assignment will not be accepted whereas you shall be asked to go for a NEW assignment.

• Plagiarism is strictly prohibited and will lead for a “Fail” Grade

Instructions to students:

1. All assignments should comprise of the standard Front Cover given. No other front page will be accepted.

2. All assignments should be bound with BLACK hard board cover as the last sheet.

3. Clearly label the CD’S with your Name, Batch no and Student no and attach it to the Back cover of your assignment.

4. Report Writing Guidelines:
1. Every Assignment should have an Introduction and Conclusion
2. The Standard Table of Contents should be generated.
3. All the Figures, Tables, Diagrams etc. should be numbered.
4. Main Heading Font : Arial; Size 16
5. Sub heading : Font : Arial; Size 14
6. Body text :Font : Arial; Size 11
7. Paragraph : Single line
8. Margins: Top:1” Bottom: 1” Left:1” Right:1”
9. Header – include the Module name on the Right hand side
10. Footer - include the Page number on the Right hand side
11. All sections should have continuity and pages should be clearly labeled.
12. References – clear references for all the materials, books, articles, website etc should be given in the following format:
o Books – Title, Author, ISBN No, Publisher & Edition, Chapter & Page Nos.

o URL: Complete address e.g. http://www.abs.com/index/1234/xyz.asp... and Date

o Article, Journals : Name of Published material, Date, Author


Annexure I

Merit Grade
Merit descriptors
Indicative characteristics

M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions

M1.1 Effective judgments have been made

M1.2 Complex problems with more than one variable have been explored

M1.3 An effective approach to study and research has been applied

M2 Select/design and apply appropriate methods/techniques
M2.1 Relevant theories and techniques have been applied

M2.2 A range of methods and techniques have been applied

M2.3 A range of sources of information has been used

M2.4 The selection of methods and techniques/sources has been justified

M2.5 The design of methods/techniques has been justified

M2.6 Complex information/data has been synthesised and processed

M2.7 Appropriate learning methods/techniques have been applied

M3 Present and communicate appropriate findings
M3.1 The appropriate structure and approach has been used

M3.2 Coherent, logical development of principles/concepts for the intended audience

M3.3 A range of methods of presentation have been used and technical language has been accurately used

M3.4 Communication has taken place in familiar and unfamiliar contexts

M3.5 The communication is appropriate for familiar and unfamiliar audiences and appropriate media have been used

Distinction Grade

Distinction descriptors
Indicative characteristics

D1 Use critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions

D1.1 Conclusions have been arrived at through synthesis of ideas and have been justified

D1.2 The validity of results has been evaluated using defined criteria

D1.3 Self-criticism of approach has taken place

D1.4 Realistic improvements have been proposed against defined characteristics for success

D2 Take responsibility for managing and organizing activities
D2.1 Autonomy/independence has been demonstrated

D2.2 Substantial activities, projects or investigations have been planned, managed and organised

D2.3 Activities have been managed

D2.4 The unforeseen has been accommodated

D2.5 The importance of interdependence has been recognised and achieved

D3 Demonstrate convergent/ lateral/ creative thinking
D3.1 Ideas have been generated and decisions taken

D3.2 Self-evaluation has taken place

D3.3 Convergent and lateral thinking have been applied

D3.4 Problems have been solved

D3.5 Innovation and creative thought have been applied

D3.6 Receptiveness to new ideas is evident

D3.7 Effective thinking has taken place in unfamiliar contexts