Ivythesis - Ivy League Writing Consultancy

Helping Professionals Finish their Thesis / Dissertation Papers on Time

     
HOME       ABOUT US       MAKE A PAYMENT     FAQ'S          ORDER FORM 

 

109724241



Get papers by email:
Enter your email address

Delivered by FeedBurner



Archives

  • November 2016
  • October 2016
  • July 2016
  • June 2016
  • May 2016
  • April 2016
  • February 2016
  • January 2016
  • December 2015
  • November 2015

More...

List of Topics

  • AA Make A Payment
  • Alternative Medicine Examples
  • Altruism Examples
  • Amazon Case Study Examples
  • Amazon Examples
  • American Automobile Industry
  • Amish Examples
  • Anaesthetic Management Examples
  • Analysis Examples
  • Analytical Review Examples
  • Anchor Statement Examples
  • Annotated Bibliography Samples
  • Annual Report Samples
  • Anorexia Essay Samples
  • Ansoff Matrix of Virgin Group
  • Ansoff Matrix Samples
  • Anti-Social Behaviour Examples
  • Anti-Trust Laws Examples
  • Antiretroviral Adherence Examples
  • Anxiety Tests Examples
  • Apple Examples
  • Application Essay Examples
  • Appraisal in a Public Organisation
  • Arbitration System Examples
  • Architectural Design Essays
  • Argumentative Essay Samples
  • Aristotle Theories Samples
  • Art Essay Samples
  • Article Critique Samples
  • Assessment Criteria Examples
  • Asset Management Essays
  • Assumptions and Limitations Examples
  • Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essays
  • Attribution Theory Essays
  • Audience Analysis & Speech Examples
  • Auditing Essay Examples
  • Australian Accounting Standards Board Example
  • Australian Domestic Aviation Examples
  • Australian Essay Samples
  • Authorized Retailer Samples
  • Autism and Treatment
  • Autism Examples
  • Autism Free Examples
  • Auto Industry Essays
  • AVS Video Converter Key
  • Background of the Study Samples
  • Balanced Scorecard Examples
  • Bangladesh Case Studies
  • Bank Examples
  • Banking Essay Samples
  • Bargaining Power Samples
  • Basic Essay Structure Format
  • BBA Group
  • Behavior Essay Samples
  • Behavioral Effects of Autism
  • Behavioral Theory
  • Behavioural Analysis
  • Bennett Auto Lights PLC Case Studies
  • Berwicks Theory
  • Best Human Resource Practices
  • Bibliography Examples
  • Billboard Advertising
  • Billing Examples
  • Biology Essay Samples
  • Blockbuster Essay Samples
  • BMW Case Studies
  • Book Report Samples
  • Book Reviews Samples
  • Books
  • Boston Box Analysis on Royal Dutch Shell
  • Boston Manufacturing Company
  • Bourdieu’s Concept of Cultural Capital
  • Braille System Difficulties
  • Brain Development Research Proposals
  • Brand
  • Brand Loyalty Measurement & Management
  • Branding Agency
  • Breach of Contract Examples
  • Breast Cancer Essays
  • Breast Cancer Management
  • Breastfeeding
  • Britain’s Mobile Telecom and Music Industry
  • British Airways Capital Structure
  • British Airways Case Studies
  • British Airways Sample
  • British Royal Air Force Samples
  • British Telecommunication Essays
  • Britpop Essays
  • Briztek Company
  • Bronx Adult Learning Center
  • Brunei Case Studies
  • Budget Process Essays
  • Budgeted Income Statements
  • Bullying
  • Bush Administration
  • Business Essay Samples
  • Business Ethical Practices
  • Business Examples
  • Business Innovation Samples
  • Business Insurance Examples
  • Business Law Contracts
  • Business Level Strategy
  • Business Performance
  • Business Proposal Examples
  • Business Proposal Sample
  • Business Report on Microsoft
  • Business Research
  • Business Risk Samples
  • Business Strategies
  • Business Summary
  • Business Writing Examples
  • Buyer Behaviour
  • Cadbury Case Study
  • Cafe de Coral Competitive Advantage
  • Cafe de Coral Marketing Plan
  • Cafe De Coral Strategic Marketing
  • Cafe de Coral Strategies
  • Cafe de Coral Target Customer
  • Cafe de Coral Value Chain
  • Call off Option
  • CampNet Network
  • Canada
  • Cancer Nursing Research
  • Capacity Utilization
  • Capital Asset Pricing Model
  • Capital Budgeting
  • Capital Investments
  • Capital Market Development
  • Capital Structure
  • Capitalism
  • Capitalist Philosophy
  • CAPM Econometric Analysis
  • Cardiac Patient Rehabilitation
  • Cardiac Units
  • Cardiovascular Problems
  • Career Development
  • Career Information Technology Project Management
  • Career Management
  • Career Management Example Portfolio
  • Career Topics
  • Caregiving Sample
  • Case Based Essay
  • Case By Case Method
  • Case of Small Scale Businesses
  • Case Studies on Brand Personality
  • Case Studies Samples
  • Case Study Analysis
  • Case Study Crime
  • Case Study Examples
  • Case Study Law
  • Case Study Marketing
  • Cash Flow Analysis
  • Casino de Genting Malaysia
  • Casual Argument
  • Cathay Pacific
  • Cathay Pacific Airways
  • Cathay Pacific Case Studies
  • Cathay Pacific Company Background
  • Centrica
  • Centrica Papers
  • Certificate of Deposits Samples
  • Challenges and Opportunities
  • Challenges of Fighting Money Laundering
  • Change Management Case Study Sample
  • Change Management Example
  • Change Management Topics
  • Change Paper Sample
  • Character Building
  • Chemical Industry of India
  • Child Delinquency
  • Childhood Obesity Examples
  • Children Case Studies
  • China Airline Industry Examples
  • China Light and Power Company Limited in Hong Kong
  • China Papers
  • Chinese Economy
  • Chinese Medicine
  • Chocolate Essays
  • Chronic Illness Examples
  • Cinema
  • Cirque Du Soliel Case Studies
  • Cirque Du Soliel Papers
  • Cisco Systems Financial
  • CitiFinancial
  • Citizen Journalism
  • Civil Aviation Industry
  • Civil Liability Act
  • Civil War Essays
  • Clean Air
  • Cleaning Contracts Samples
  • Climate Change
  • Clinical Scenario Sample
  • Clubbing Projects
  • Coca Cola Case Studies
  • Cognitive and emotional approach in advertisements
  • Cognitive Behavior Therapy
  • Cognitive Theories Examples
  • Collaboration in the Workplace
  • Collaborative Practice
  • College Application Sample Essays
  • Colonialism
  • Comair
  • Common Business Skills
  • Communication
  • Communication for Information Managers
  • Communication Research Project Ideas
  • Communication System Examples
  • Communithy Health Nursing Practices
  • Community Care Management and Planning
  • Community Health Nursing
  • Community Health Practice Theory & Practice
  • Community Nursing
  • Community Psychology Paper
  • Company
  • Company and Data Analysis
  • Company Case Studies
  • Company Code or Policy
  • Company Mission / Corporate Objectives
  • Company Plan Samples
  • Comparative Advantage Papers Australia
  • Comparative Analysis
  • Comparative Written Essay
  • Compare and Contrast Examples
  • Comparison and Contrast Essay
  • Compass Strategy and Performance
  • Competence of Students
  • Competing Values
  • Competition Law Assignment
  • Competition Sample
  • Competitive Edge Samples
  • Competitive Positioning
  • Competitive Strategy and Master Plan
  • Competitiveness Essays
  • Competitor Sample
  • Complete Strategic Practice Exercise
  • Completion Report Sample
  • Complex Adaptive Systems
  • Comprehensive Force Field Analysis
  • Comprehensive Investment Appraisal
  • Comprehensive Personal Reflection
  • CompuLearn Case Study
  • Computed Tomography Angiography
  • Computer Aided Instructions
  • Computer Forensics
  • Computer Graphics Assignment
  • Computer Networking and Management
  • Computer Networks and Management
  • Computer Topics Essays
  • Computer-Based Evidence
  • Computing Essays
  • Concept of Citizenship
  • Concept of Cultural Identity
  • Concepts of Marketing Communications
  • Conceptual Design of Digiboard
  • Conceptual Framework Dissertation
  • Conceptual Framework Qualitative Research
  • Conceptual Framework Thesis
  • Conceptual model of destination competitiveness
  • Concluding Statement
  • Conclusion and Recommendation Hotel Industry
  • Concrete Experience
  • Conflict Management Assessment Sample
  • Conflicting Ethical Issues
  • Construction Essays
  • Construction Industry
  • Consulting Agency
  • Consumer and Industrial Buyer Behaviour
  • Consumer Behavior Examples
  • Consumer Decision Making Process
  • Consumer Process
  • Consumer Purchasing Behavior
  • Consumerism
  • Consumers Purchasing Behavior
  • Contactless Smart Cards
  • Contemporary Management
  • Contingency Theory
  • Contract Law
  • Conventional Angiography
  • Cooperative for a Healthy Lifestyle
  • Cooperative Game Theory
  • Cooperative Learning
  • Coping Mechanisms
  • Core Competencies
  • Corporate Environmental Governance
  • Corporate Finance Examples
  • Corporate Governance Examples
  • Corporate Governance Papers
  • Corporate Governance Practices in Ghana
  • Corporate Image Examples
  • Corporate Investment Portfolio Management
  • Corporate Scandals Samples
  • Corporate Social Responsibility Samples
  • Corporate Strategy Examples
  • Corporate Venturing
  • Cosmetics Case Study
  • Cost of Capital Examples
  • Costa Coffee Shop
  • Costing of Products
  • Counseling Case Study
  • Counseling Emulation
  • Counseling Theory Examples
  • Counterfeit Drugs
  • Coupon Rate
  • Course Research Paper Sample
  • Creative Technologies
  • Creative writing skills
  • Creativity and Problem Solving Skills
  • Credit Control System
  • Credit Risk Examples
  • Credit Risk Management in Sri Lankan Banks
  • Credit Risk Rating
  • Crew Resource Training
  • Crime Term Papers
  • Criminal Justice System
  • Criminology
  • Criminology Laboratory Equipments and Facilities
  • Crisis Management
  • Critical Analysis Examples
  • Critical Analysis Paper Sample
  • Critical Appraisal
  • Critical Integration Journal Exercises
  • Critical Political Economy of the Media
  • Critical Reading Exercise Template
  • Critical Reflection Essay Samples
  • Criticism and Debates
  • Criticism Samples
  • Cross-Docking Examples
  • Crude Oil Price Increase
  • Cryptography
  • CSR Impact Sustainable Business Operation in Nigeria
  • Cultural Implications
  • Culture
  • Current Affairs
  • Curriculum Vitae Samples
  • Customer
  • Customer Care Examples
  • Customer Care Practices
  • Customer Relationship Management
  • Customer Relationship Manager CRM
  • Customer Retention Examples
  • Customer Satisfaction
  • Customer Strategy
  • Customers Participation
  • Customs Union
  • Daewoo Motors
  • Darwin's Theory of Evolution
  • Data Analysis
  • Data Gathering Procedure
  • Davidson
  • De Beers Corporation
  • Debt
  • Debt Financing
  • Debt to Equity Ratio
  • Deceptive Advertising
  • Decision Making
  • Decision Making Process
  • Decision Matrix Example
  • Definition of Terms
  • Delinquency
  • Dell Case Studies
  • DELL Sample Essays
  • Dell Value Chain
  • Demand-pull marketing strategy
  • Democracy
  • Derivates Market
  • Descriptive Study Sample
  • Designing Mobile Applications
  • Designing Research Examples
  • Desocialization Aspect
  • Destination Management
  • Destination Marketing Assignment
  • Deutsche Bank
  • Developing Country
  • Developing World
  • Development
  • Development Policy
  • Development Practices Essays
  • Development Proposal
  • Development Studies Samples
  • DHL
  • Diabetes Research Proposals
  • Diabetes Term Papers
  • Diabetes Type 2
  • Diagnosed Autistic Case Study
  • Dichotomous Key
  • Diet and Nutrition Assignment
  • Diet and Nutrition Sample Essays
  • Differential Association Theory
  • Digital Dissertations
  • Direct Business Model Samples
  • Direct Investments - Equity
  • Direct Investments – Real Estate
  • Direct Marketing Examples
  • Disaster and sustainable livelihood
  • Disaster Management
  • Discount Rate of Return
  • Discount Rates
  • Discrimination Essay Samples
  • Disney Entertainment Retail Industry
  • Disney Hong Kong Company Background
  • Display Technologies
  • Dissertation Chapter 2 Examples
  • Dissertation Chapter 3 Examples
  • Dissertation Defense
  • Dissertation Free Samples
  • Dissertation Help
  • Dissertation Proposal Methodology
  • Dissertation Proposal Outline
  • Dissertation Proposal Samples
  • Dissertation Proposal Writing
  • Dissertation Research Methodology
  • Dissertation Samples
  • Dissertation Search
  • Dissertation Thesis
  • Dissertation Topic
  • Dissertations Online
  • Distance Learning
  • Distribution Practices
  • Diversity
  • Diversity in the Workplace
  • Diversity Management
  • Diversity Training Programs
  • Divorce Mediators
  • Doctor Patient Relationship
  • Domain Disputes
  • Dome of the rock
  • Domestic Violence
  • Drama
  • Dream Essays
  • Dream Theater
  • Drug & Alcohol Policy
  • Drug Addiction
  • Drug Use and Crime
  • E Banking in Nigeria
  • E business
  • E Commerce Case Analysis
  • E-Business Strategy
  • E-commerce Principles
  • E-Retailing Papers
  • Early Childhood Programme
  • Economic Analysis
  • Economic Democracy
  • Economic Development in Africa
  • Economic Growth Examples
  • Economic Prosperity
  • Economic Theories
  • Economic Theory
  • Economics
  • Education
  • Education Articles
  • Education Dissertations
  • Education Higher
  • Education Information
  • Education Issues
  • Education Online
  • Education Sample Introduction
  • Education Special
  • Educational Institutes
  • Effect of Motivation on Employee Commitment
  • Effect of Working and Schooling Simultaneously
  • Effect on the Management of the Organisation
  • Effective Leadership
  • Effective Management Styles
  • Effective quality management in service industries
  • Effectiveness of Accounting Software
  • Effectiveness of Educational Administration
  • Effectiveness of Micro-Financing
  • Effects of Utilizing Games
  • Effects on Young People
  • Efficient Market Hypothesis
  • Efficient Market Theory
  • Efficient Plant Layout
  • Elabortation Likelihood Model
  • Elder Care
  • Elderly Policy in Hong Kong
  • Electric Commerce
  • Electricity Markets
  • Electronic Workflow System
  • Elementary and Middle School Children
  • Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
  • Emerging Market Opportunities
  • Emotions
  • Employee Empowerment
  • Employee Engagement
  • Employee Information Systems
  • Employee Interaction
  • Employee Motivation
  • Employee Orientation Program
  • Employee Ownership
  • Employee Participants
  • Employee Performance
  • Employee Productivity
  • Employee Turnover in an Automotive Company
  • Employees
  • Employment
  • Employment Law Module
  • Employment Practices
  • Employment Recommendations
  • Employment Sector
  • End-state goals
  • Engineering
  • English Essay
  • English Language
  • English Slang
  • Enterprise and Business Development
  • Enterprise Systems
  • Entrepreneurial Culture
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Environment Analysis Tools
  • Environment Audit
  • Environment Engineering
  • Environmental Analysis Examples
  • Environmental Debate
  • Environmental Economics
  • Environmental Impact Essays
  • Environmental Management
  • Environmental Study
  • Epic
  • Epidemiologic Analysis
  • Epidemiology
  • Epilepsy
  • Equal Opportunity Legislation
  • Equal Pay
  • Equity Finance
  • Erickson Theory
  • Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development
  • Essay Writing Examples
  • Essay Writing Service
  • Essays on Accounting Concepts
  • Essays on Adult Learning
  • Essays on Al Qaeda
  • Essays on Alcohol Addiction
  • Essays on Alcoholism
  • Estate Management Examples
  • Ethical Behavior among Employees
  • Ethical Dilemmas
  • Ethical Dilemmas Assignments
  • Ethical Implication of Sexual Harassment
  • Ethical Review
  • Ethics
  • Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
  • Ethics Essays
  • Ethics Grid
  • European Colonization
  • European Commission
  • European Currency Unit
  • European financial industry
  • European Low-Cost Airline Industry
  • European Ombudsman
  • European Union
  • Evaluating Published Research Problems
  • Evaluation of Rational Expressions
  • Event Management & Marketing Proposal
  • Event Strategic Plan
  • Events Management Example
  • Evergreen Place Hotel
  • Evidence and the Forensic Accountant
  • Evidence Based Medicine
  • Evidence of Knowledge of Theory
  • Example Learning Outcomes
  • Example of a Thesis Chapter 3
  • Example of an Essay Plan
  • Example of Literature Review
  • Example of Term Paper
  • Example Poetry Comparison/Contrast
  • Examples of Brand Labeling
  • Examples of College Essay
  • Examples of Literature Reviews
  • Executive Summary Samples
  • Exercise and Weight Loss
  • Expectations of Headquarters
  • Experimental Social Psychology Research
  • Explanations
  • Exploitation and Exploration
  • Export Process Sample
  • External Analysis Examples
  • External and Internal environment
  • Exxon Mobil Oil Company
  • Factor of Production
  • Failure Costs
  • Fair Pay Commission Australian Essay Topics
  • Fair Value Accounting
  • Faith Based Principles
  • Fama’s Model
  • Family Development Workshops
  • Farm Loan Delinquencies
  • Fashion Accesories
  • Fashion Culture in the UK
  • Fashion Videos
  • Fast Food Chains
  • Fast Food Industry
  • Favorite Videos
  • Feasibility Study Examples
  • Federal Express
  • Federal Reserve System
  • Female Academic Performance
  • Feminism
  • Feminization of Trade Union
  • Feng Shui
  • FIFA World Cup
  • Film
  • Film History
  • Final Exam Paper
  • Final Reflection Example
  • Finance
  • Finance and Accounting for Managers (MBA Programme)
  • Finance Assignments
  • Finance Essays
  • Finance Literature
  • Finance Videos
  • Financial
  • Financial Accounting Australia
  • Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
  • Financial Analysis
  • Financial Aspect
  • Financial Assets
  • Financial Distress
  • Financial Hedge Samples
  • Financial Incentive Scheme
  • Financial Lease Contract
  • Financial Liquidity Examples
  • Financial Market in Pakistan
  • Financial Performance Analysis
  • Financial Ratio
  • Financial Report
  • Financial Reporting Standards
  • Financial Risk Management
  • Financial Risks Essays
  • Financial Tsunami Examples
  • Flow Production Example
  • Food and Drink
  • Food habits of high school students
  • Force Field Analysis Examples
  • Ford Motor Company Example
  • Ford Motors Company
  • Foreign Direct Investment
  • Foreign Direct Investment in China
  • Foreign Direct Investment Research
  • Foreign Exchange
  • Foreign Exchange Market Rates
  • Forensic Accounting
  • Forensics Psychology
  • Formal English and English Slang
  • Four (4) Distinct Strategic Staffing Types
  • Framework Sample
  • France
  • Fraud
  • Fraud Essays
  • Free Behavioral Norms Topics
  • Free Biography Essays
  • Free Dissertation Abstract Samples
  • Free Dissertations
  • Free Essay Editing
  • Free Essay Examples
  • Free Essay Samples
  • Free Essay Topics
  • Free Essay Writing
  • Free Essay Writing Form
  • Free Essay Writing Samples
  • Free Market Economy
  • Free Markets
  • Free Reports
  • Free Research Papers
  • Free Research Proposal
  • Free Research Proposals
  • Free Sample Business Essays
  • Free Sample Case Study
  • Free Sample Dissertation Paper
  • Free Sample Economics Essays
  • Free Sample Marketing Research Paper
  • Free Sample Research Proposal
  • Free Sample Term Paper
  • Free Sample Thesis
  • Free SWOT Analysis Examples
  • Free Term Paper Samples
  • Free Term Papers
  • Free Thesis Samples
  • Free Thesis Statements on Banking & Investment Management
  • Freud to Person Centered Therapy
  • Frozen Seafood Industry
  • FTSE100 Company
  • Fuel Supply Analysis
  • Full Thesis Paper Samples
  • Fundamental Analysis Report
  • Fundamental Concepts
  • Funniest Videos in Youtube
  • Funny Videos
  • Future Value of Money
  • Garbett Tours
  • Gay Marriages
  • Gender Factor Samples
  • Gender Relations
  • General Electric United Kingdom
  • General Motors Case Studies
  • General terms and conditions
  • Generic Worker Concept
  • Genetic Engineering Examples
  • Genotyping Examples
  • Genting Case Study Analysis
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Geographical Theories
  • Germany
  • Gerontology
  • Ghana Civil Law Legal System
  • Ghanaian culture through fashion
  • GIS Education
  • GIS Health Planning
  • Glaxo SmithKline Inc Case Studies
  • Global and Local Culture Past Paper
  • Global Brand Entities
  • Global Branding
  • Global Business
  • Global Business Environment
  • Global Business Strategy
  • Global Economy
  • Global Environment
  • Global Environmental Sustainability
  • Global Hospitality
  • Global Human Resource Management
  • Global Logistics Model
  • Global Marketing
  • Global Markets
  • Global Strategic Initiative
  • Global Warming
  • Globalisation Strategy
  • Globalization
  • Globalization & M & S
  • Goal Setting Examples
  • Gold Standard
  • Good Governance Papers
  • Goodyear Case Studies
  • Government
  • Government Structure
  • Grammar and Usage
  • Graphic Design Essay
  • Graphic File Types
  • Greek Wine Industry
  • Greek Wine Industry Methodology
  • Greenfield Production Facility
  • Griffith Business School
  • Gross Motor Development
  • Group Formation Process
  • Group Theory
  • Growth and Development
  • Growth and Development of Tourism and Hotels in Dubai
  • Guides to Essay Writing
  • H&M
  • Hair Strengthening Products Exportation
  • Handling Absolute Values
  • Handling of Grievance Procedures
  • Hard System Modeling
  • Harley
  • Harley Davidson
  • Harley Davidson Sportster
  • Harley-Davidson
  • Health Care Essays
  • Health Care Initiative on Nursing Practice
  • Health Care Reforms
  • Health Care System
  • Health Care Teams
  • Health Communication Examples
  • Health Communication Topic Ideas
  • Health Communication Topics
  • Health Condition
  • Health Education
  • Health Essays
  • Health Finance Management
  • Health Finance Management Research Proposal
  • Health Management Essay
  • Health Promotion Programmers
  • Health Psychology
  • Health Public Policy Papers
  • Health Report Samples
  • Health Seeking Behavior
  • Health Systems Management
  • Health Topics
  • Health Tourism
  • Healthcare Management Systems
  • Healthcare Practice
  • Healthcare Processes
  • Healthcare Providers
  • Heineken Analysis
  • Heineken Case Studies
  • Heinz Case Studies
  • Hematological Malignancy
  • Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
  • Hip Replacement Operation
  • History Essays
  • History of Aging Example Papers
  • History of Medicine
  • History of Nursing
  • HIV Aids Essay Samples
  • HMRC
  • Hoffman Foundation
  • Home Care
  • Home care – Hemodialysis Patients
  • Homeless
  • Honda Motors Case Studies
  • Honda Motors Strategy Development
  • Hong Kong
  • Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank Papers
  • Hong Kong Case Studies
  • Hong Kong Economy
  • Hong Kong Entertainment Industry Analysis
  • Hong Kong Essay Examples
  • Hong Kong Fast Food Industry
  • Hong Kong Health Management
  • Hong Kong Hospital Authority
  • Hong Kong Hospitality Industry
  • Hong Kong Individual Visit Scheme
  • Hong Kong Logistics Industry
  • Hong Kong Market
  • Hong Kong Qualification Framework
  • Hong Kong Retail Industry
  • Hong Kong Sample Assignments
  • Hong Kong Sample Dissertations
  • Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital Case Study
  • Hong Kong SARS
  • Hong Kong Shanghai Banking Corporation
  • Hong Kong Topics
  • Hong Kong Tourism
  • Hong Kong Tourism Industry
  • Hong Kong White Papers
  • Hong Kong’s Clock and Watch Industry
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy
  • Hormone Therapy
  • Hospital Financial Management
  • Hospitality establishments
  • Hospitality Industry
  • Hospitality Industy of China
  • Hospitality Operations Management
  • Hotel Industry in the United Kingdom
  • Hotel Marketing Strategies
  • Household Lifecycle
  • Housing Essay Examples
  • Housing Management
  • How to Approach the Conclusion
  • How to Avoid Plagiarism
  • How to Reference your Essay
  • How to Write
  • How to Write A Dissertation
  • How To Write A Philosophy Essay
  • How to Write A Research Paper
  • How to Write an Essay
  • HR
  • HR in the Global Age
  • HR Issues
  • HRD Intervention
  • HRM
  • HRM Case Studies
  • HRM: Development and Debate
  • HSBC Papers
  • Human Computer Interaction
  • Human Development
  • Human Embryonic Stem Cells
  • Human Relations and Development
  • Human Resource Approaches
  • Human Resource Benchmarking
  • Human Resource Consulting
  • Human Resource Development Case Study
  • Human Resource Function
  • Human Resource Information
  • Human Resource Management Case Study
  • Human Resource Management Essays
  • Human Resource Management Model
  • Human Resource Management of Airline Companies
  • Human Resource Management Propositions
  • Human Resource Management Topics
  • Human Resource Management Unit Review
  • Human Resource Manager
  • Human Resource Planning Process
  • Human Resource Topics
  • Human Resource Training
  • Human Resources Management and Development
  • Human Resources Management Model
  • Human Rights Essays
  • Human Rights of the Youth
  • Human Rights Violation in Middle Eastern Countries
  • Humor Topics
  • Hunters and Gatherers
  • Hurricane Katrina
  • Hutchison Whampoa Case Study
  • Hypothesis Examples
  • Hypothesis Sample
  • Hypothesis Testing
  • Hypoxia
  • I. T. Papers
  • IBM
  • Ikea Case Studies
  • Ikea Examples
  • Ikea Global Sourcing Challenge
  • Image Interpretation
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Impact of Collective Bargaining
  • Impact of ICT on Teaching and Learning
  • Impact of Nanotechnology
  • Impact of Risk Management
  • Implementing strategic HR
  • Important external environmental factor
  • Improper Waste Management
  • Improving Nursing Practice
  • In and Out Group
  • In-house Transport Fleet
  • India Banking Examples
  • Indian Economy
  • Industrial Countries
  • Industrial Relations Analysis
  • Industrial Relations Topics
  • Industrial Revolution Examples
  • Industries
  • Industry Association Website Review
  • Industry Averages
  • Industry Environment Analysis
  • Industry Overview
  • Inflation Case Analysis
  • Inflation Targeting and Governmental Behaviour
  • Inflexible Reward System
  • Information and Communication Technology
  • Information Management
  • Information System Management
  • Information Technology
  • Information Technology Examples
  • Information Technology Infrastructure Library
  • Information, Literacy Review and Cultural Awareness
  • Innovation Level
  • Insolvency in Australia Essays
  • Institutions and Development
  • Instructions on Dissertation
  • Insulin Therapy Sample Case Studies
  • Integrated Marketing Communication
  • Integrative Project In Leisure & Tourism
  • Intellectual Disabilities
  • Intelligence Theories
  • Intercultural Education
  • Interest Only Mortgages Examples
  • Internal and External Enviromental Factors
  • Internal control on management performance
  • Internal Financial Control System
  • International Accounting and Finance
  • International Business Environment
  • International Business Review
  • International Economic Law Research Proposal
  • International Expansion Theories
  • International Finance
  • International Financial Management
  • International Hotel Industry
  • International Human Resource Management
  • International Marketing
  • International Monetary Fund
  • International Pricing Strategies
  • International Professional Communication
  • International Relations
  • International Sports Law
  • International Strategy
  • International Tourism Management
  • International Trade: Kyoto Protocol
  • International Trading System
  • Internet Communications Research Report
  • Internet Privacy
  • Interrelationships of innovation and technology cycles
  • INTJ GROUP
  • Intranet Strategies
  • Introduction to The United Arab Emirates
  • Inventory Control
  • Investigative Psychology
  • Investment Banking
  • Investment Policy Guidelines and Restrictions
  • Investment Policy Statement Samples
  • Ipod Touch Cases
  • Islam
  • Islamic Bank Services in Tanzania
  • Islamic Banking
  • Islamic Banking and Finance
  • Issue of Communication
  • Issues in Early Intervention
  • J Sainsbury Plc United Kingdom
  • Japanese Economy
  • Japanese Management Style
  • Jeff Bazos
  • Joan of Arc
  • Job Analysis
  • Job Description
  • Job Redesign Concepts
  • John Wiley & Sons
  • Joint Venture
  • Journal Articles on Academic Performances
  • Judaism
  • Juicy Red Tomato Company
  • Kantian Philosophy Essays
  • Kentucky Fried Chicken Case Studies
  • Kenya Research Proposal
  • Kenyan Case Studies
  • Key Component of Success
  • KFC Macro Environment
  • Kingsbury
  • Knowledge Management
  • Knowledge Management Examples
  • Knowledge of Family Systems
  • Kolbs Experiential Learning Cycle
  • Krispy Kreme Case Studies
  • Kuwait
  • Kuwait Health Care System
  • Kyoto Agreement
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • Kyoto Protocol and the Southeast Asian Economic Development
  • Kyoto Protocol Thesis Statements
  • Labor Cost
  • Labor Standards
  • Laboratory Report
  • Language Policy
  • Lanscaping Samples
  • Lashing System
  • Latin American History
  • Laundry and Dry Cleaning
  • Law and Ethics Essays
  • Law Case Study
  • Law Case Study Sample
  • Law Essay Sample
  • Law Essays
  • Law Philippines
  • Law Research Paper
  • Law Review
  • Law Videos
  • Laws of Religion
  • Layout of Research Paper
  • Leadership
  • Leadership in Clinical Settings
  • Leadership theories and models in the organization
  • Leadership Theories in Organizations
  • Leading Change
  • Learning / Teaching Strategies
  • Learning Needs
  • Learning styles and academic performance of students
  • Learning Theories
  • Lee Regression Analysis Example
  • Legal and ethical studies coursework
  • Legal Framework in Australia
  • Legal Problems
  • Legalization of Gay Marriages
  • Lego Case Studies
  • Liberal Democracy
  • Library Exercise
  • Library System Development
  • Life Essay
  • Lifestyle Essay Samples
  • Literacy
  • Literature
  • Literature Review
  • Literature Review Example on Greek Wine Industry
  • Logistics Accounting
  • Logistics Industry
  • Logistics Industry Examples
  • Logistics Infrastructure Examples
  • Logistics Management
  • London Marriott Hotels
  • Long Term Equilibrium
  • Loyalty Marketing for Airlines
  • Loyalty Programs Literature Review
  • Luxury Market of Australia
  • LVMH Case Studies
  • Lyle Golden Syrup
  • Maersk Logistics Case Studies
  • Mail Market Liberalization
  • Maintenance Management Practices
  • Major causes of the global financial crisis
  • Makes and Models
  • Malaysia Consumers Attitude and Behavior
  • Malaysia Topics
  • Malaysian Banking Industry
  • Malaysian Consumer Behavior
  • Managed Care
  • Management
  • Management Accounting
  • Management Accounting Control Systems
  • Management Accounting Report
  • Management Case Studies
  • Management Case Study Examples
  • Management Communication
  • Management Development Samples
  • Management Essays
  • Management in Co-Curricular
  • Management Information System Papers
  • Management of Change
  • Management of Change Coursework Assignment
  • Management of Firms
  • Management of Organizational Strategic Plan
  • Management Organisation and Society
  • Management Process Mapping
  • Management Research
  • Management Samples
  • Management Strategies Essays
  • Management System and Strategy
  • Management Theory
  • Manager
  • Manager Employee Relationship
  • Managerial accounting
  • Managerial and Interpersonal Skills
  • Managerial Leadership Style
  • Managerial Practices Essays
  • Managing Change
  • Managing Complexity
  • Managing Employee Performance
  • Managing Medical Schemes
  • Managing People
  • Manpower Management
  • Manufacture and Assembly
  • Manufacturing Automation
  • Manufacturing Companies
  • Manufacturing Industry Samples
  • Manufacturing Industry Thesis Proposal
  • Manufacturing Sector
  • Margaret Olley
  • Market Analysis
  • Market Entry Strategy Research Proposal
  • Market Research Essay
  • Market Research Questions
  • Market Segmentation
  • Market Situation Analysis
  • Market Socialism
  • Marketing
  • Marketing and Advertising
  • Marketing and Entrepreneurship Sample Papers
  • Marketing Branding
  • Marketing Concept
  • Marketing Concepts
  • Marketing Core Values
  • Marketing Heritage
  • Marketing Management
  • Marketing Management Examples
  • Marketing Mix
  • Marketing Papers
  • Marketing Plan
  • Marketing Planning Process Samples
  • Marketing Plans Examples
  • Marketing Practices of a Retail Business
  • Marketing Proposal Example
  • Marketing Strategies
  • Marketing Strategies Examples
  • Marketing Strategy
  • Marketing Strategy Direct Marketing
  • Marketing Strategy Examples
  • Marxist
  • Mass Media
  • Masters Dissertation
  • Masters Thesis Samples
  • Material Control Practices
  • Maternal Child Pathophysiology
  • Math Lesson Plans
  • Math Problems and Solutions
  • Math Samples
  • Math Work Sheets
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Mathematics Examples
  • Max Factor
  • Max Factor Case Studies
  • Max Weber
  • MBA Case Analysis
  • MBA Case Studies
  • mba letter sample
  • MBA Motivation Letter
  • McDonald's
  • McDonald's Case Studies
  • Mcdonald's Strategic Business Analysis
  • Mcdonalds Case Study
  • Meaningful Quotes
  • Med Soft
  • Media
  • Media Essay
  • Media Essays
  • Media United Kingdom
  • Medical Anthropology
  • Medical Case Study
  • Medical Education
  • Medical Ethics
  • Medical Intensive Care Unit Hospital
  • Medical Malpractice
  • Medical Rights and Children
  • Medical Social Work
  • Medical Sociology
  • Medicard and Medicaid
  • Medicinal Plants
  • Medicine
  • Meeting and Convention Management
  • Memo Samples
  • Memoirs
  • Memorization and Creativity
  • Menopause
  • Mental Health Nursing
  • Mental Health Nursing Examples
  • Mental Illness
  • Mentoring in Health Care
  • Mentorship
  • Mergers & Acquisitions
  • Mergers & Takeovers
  • Methamphetamine Use
  • Methodology
  • Methodology Chapter Dissertation
  • Methodology Dissertation
  • Metric Focus
  • Michael Jackson
  • Michael Jackson Videos
  • Micro Credit
  • Microfinance
  • Microfinance Research Proposal Sample
  • Microsoft
  • Midwives
  • Military
  • Mining Industry
  • Minor & Major Metaphor
  • MNC's
  • Mobile Advertising
  • Mobile Applications
  • Mobile Computing
  • Mobile Industry
  • Mobile Multimedia Strategy
  • Mobile technology location based services
  • Mobility Examples
  • Modern Civilization
  • Modern Pedadogical Grammar
  • Modern Study of Sociology
  • Modernization Theory
  • Module assignment guidelines
  • Module Reading Samples
  • Monetary Policy
  • Monetary Union
  • Money Laundering
  • Money Supply
  • Montessori Method
  • Moral Development
  • Moral Leadership
  • Morbidity and Mortality
  • Morphine Treatment
  • Motivating Factors Example
  • Motivation Assessment
  • Motivation Theories
  • Motivational Strategies
  • Motivational Tool for Employee Performance
  • Motor Vehicles Examples
  • Motorcycle
  • Movie Review Sample
  • MTR
  • Multi-spectral Analysis
  • Multicultural Perspective
  • Multicultural Perspective in Organization
  • Multidisciplinary Business Problems and Challenges
  • Music
  • Muslim Consumers
  • Muslims of Australia
  • Myers Briggs Indicator
  • Narrative Essay
  • National Health Policy Examples
  • National Health Service United Kingdom
  • National Transport Standards Commission_
  • NEGOTIATION PROCESSES
  • Nestle Papers
  • Network Losses
  • Network Marketing Advantages and Disadvantages
  • Networking and the Internet
  • Neurophysiology
  • New South Wales Funeral Industry
  • New York City
  • New Zealand Tourism
  • New Zealand White Papers
  • News
  • Nigerian Capital Market Development
  • Nigerian manufacturing industry
  • Nirvana Hotels and Resorts
  • Nisa Local
  • Nocturnal Enuresis
  • Non-Direct Investments – Deposits and Money Markets
  • Non-Direct Investments – Quoted Equities Example
  • Non-Direct Investments – Structured Products Samples
  • Non-Governmental Organization
  • Non-Verbal Communication
  • North London
  • North Wembley
  • Nurse Patient Relationship
  • Nursing
  • Nursing care plan for asthma in children
  • Nursing Career
  • Nursing Case Studies
  • Nursing Conflict Resolutions
  • Nursing Empowerment
  • Nursing Essay Samples
  • Nursing Ethics
  • Nursing Historical Developments
  • Nursing Homes
  • Nursing Issues
  • Nursing Literature Review
  • Nursing Management and Shortage
  • Nursing Paper
  • Nursing Practice
  • Nursing Profession
  • Nursing Research Proposals
  • Nursing Review of Related Literature
  • Nursing Thesis Statements
  • Nutrition Survey Examples
  • Obesity Management Interventions
  • Objectives & Mission Statement
  • Objectives of the Study Examples
  • Occupational Safety and Health
  • Ocean Park Hong Kong
  • Ocean Park Papers
  • Ocean Park Problem
  • OEM business
  • Oil & Gas Pipelines in Libya
  • Oil Industry Case Studies
  • Oil Refinery Examples
  • Oligopoly Samples
  • One-on-one nurse patient relationship
  • Online customization in fashion retailing
  • Online Free Essays
  • Operations Management
  • Operations Management Assignment
  • Opportunities and Threats
  • Optical Capital Structure
  • Organ Harvesting
  • Organisation Structures
  • Organisation Theory and Design
  • Organisational Disaster
  • Organization & People
  • Organization Development and Change
  • Organization Examples
  • Organizational Behaviour
  • Organizational Change
  • Organizational Culture and Structure
  • Organizational Development
  • Organizational Goals
  • Organizational Leadership
  • Organizational Learning and Development Papers
  • Organizational Management Examples
  • Organizational Strategic Plan
  • Orientation Study
  • Outsource Maintenance Practices
  • Outsourcing Samples
  • Overcoming Stress
  • Overview of Strategic Environment
  • Pacific Rim
  • PAIBOC principle
  • Pain Assessment Tools
  • Pain Examples
  • Pain Management
  • Palliative Care Nursing
  • Paper Articles
  • Paper Based Processes
  • Papua New Guinea Examples
  • PAREF
  • Partnership Examples
  • Partnerships
  • Pathophysiology
  • Patient Confidentiality
  • Patient's Rights
  • PCCW Case Studies
  • PCCW Management Motivation
  • PCCW Management Sample Papers
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Pension Scheme of the United Kingdom
  • Perception and Purchasing Behavior
  • Perception of the Health and Safety in Organization
  • Performance Appraisals
  • Performance Management
  • Performance Management and Appraisal
  • Performance Measurement for Management
  • Performance of Malaysian SMEs
  • Person Centered Theory Examples
  • Personal Essay
  • Personal Health Plan
  • Personal Statement Samples
  • Personality Disorder
  • Personality Tests
  • Personality Traits Sample Papers
  • Personnel Management Research Proposal
  • Personnel Selection
  • Perspective of Experienced and Inexperienced Adult Learners
  • Persuasive and Argumentative Written Essay
  • PEST Analysis Examples
  • PEST ANALYSIS IN THE U.K. TEA MARKET
  • PEST Case Studies
  • PESTEL Examples
  • Pestle Analysis for Ikea
  • Pestle Aviation Industry
  • Pet Bonding Thesis Sample
  • Pfizer Incorporated
  • Pharmaceutical Case Studies
  • Pharmaceutical Business in Nepal
  • Pharmacological management
  • Phd Dissertation Proposal
  • Philippine Agriculture
  • Philippine Entertainment
  • Philippine Videos
  • Philosophy
  • Photography
  • Physical Education and Training
  • Physical Keyboard
  • Piaget Theory of Cognitive Development
  • Pie Charts Samples
  • Plan for Positive Influence
  • Planning and Management
  • Planning Function of Management
  • Planning Operations Essays
  • Plant Layout
  • Podcasting Samples
  • Poems
  • Poetry Samples
  • Point of Sale Examples
  • Policy Making
  • Political Impact on Virgin Atlantic
  • Politics and Governance
  • Politics Essays
  • Politics Examples
  • Popular Culture Research Proposal Sample
  • Population Examples
  • Porter's 5 Forces Analysis Example
  • Porter's Competitive Forces Model
  • Porter's Five Forces
  • Porters Examples
  • Porter’s Generic Strategies model
  • Portrayal of Women in Advertising
  • Position Paper
  • Positive Accounting Theory
  • Poverty Case Studies
  • Poverty Reduction Examples
  • Power Merchandising
  • Practitioners, Theorists, and Futurists
  • Pre-Requisites for Docking
  • Predictive Model Samples
  • Prenatal Care
  • Prenatal Drug Abuse
  • Present Value of Money
  • Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data
  • Presupposition
  • Prevention of Air Pollution
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Price Controls
  • Price Difference Samples
  • Price Fluctuation Impact
  • Pricing Examples
  • Primark
  • Primary Scales of Measurement
  • Primary School
  • Private Equity Placement Funding
  • Problem Based Learning Scenario
  • Problem Solving Process
  • Problem Statement
  • Problem Theme in Dissertation
  • Procedural Law
  • Process Costing
  • Process Essay Thesis
  • Procter & Gamble
  • Product Department Costs
  • Product Development
  • Product Innovation
  • Production Strategies
  • Professional Media Journalism Free Essay
  • Profitable Trading Strategy
  • Progress Report Sample
  • Project Assignment
  • Project Baseline Examples
  • Project Development Process
  • Project Implementation Plan
  • Project Implementation Plan (PIP)
  • Project Management
  • Project management & Control
  • Project Management Examples
  • Project Management Methodology
  • Project Management Report
  • Project Management Samples
  • Project Move Management
  • Project Plan Examples
  • Promotional Culture
  • Proofreading Service
  • Proposed Business Plan_
  • Psychiatric Nursing
  • Psychoactive Drugs
  • Psychological Problems of Special Children
  • Psychological theories and approaches
  • Psychology
  • Psychotic Disorders
  • Public Administration
  • Public and private discount rates
  • Public Companies
  • Public Education Organization
  • Public Finance
  • Public Relations
  • Punctuation Abbreviation
  • Purchasing and Supply
  • Purpose of Project Baseline
  • Qualification Framework Strategies
  • Qualitative and quantitative method
  • Qualitative and Quantitative Research Questions
  • Qualitative Research
  • Quality and Care Governance
  • Quality Appraisal Costs
  • Quality Assurance Essays
  • Quality Assurance Strategies
  • Quality Audit System
  • Quality Function Deployment
  • Quality Improvement
  • Quality Management
  • Quality Prevention Costs
  • Quality research proposal
  • Quality Strategy
  • Queensland
  • Queensland Employment
  • Queensland Human Resources
  • Queensland Job Analysis
  • Queensland Job Description
  • Queensland Management
  • Queensland SWOT Analysis
  • Questionnaire on Communication Skills
  • Queue Management
  • Racial Discrimination
  • Racism Examples
  • Radiation Therapy
  • Radiographers and Practitioners
  • Ration Credit
  • Rationale of the Study
  • Realist Photography
  • Reality Television
  • Reality Theory Examples
  • REBT Counseling
  • Recommendation Letter Samples
  • Records Management System
  • Recruitment & Selection
  • Recruitment and Selection
  • Recruitment Case Studies
  • Recruitment Case Study
  • Recruitment Examples
  • Reduction of Cost
  • Referencing Examples
  • Reflection Paper
  • Refugee Service Provider
  • Regional Economy
  • Regulatory framework governing
  • Relationship between trade and development
  • Relationship Marketing
  • Relationships
  • Relationships with B2B and B2C
  • Relevance of Valuation Models
  • Religion
  • Religion Essays
  • Religious Practices
  • Report Examples
  • Report Papers
  • Required Readings
  • Research Article Critique
  • Research Essay Project
  • Research Instrument
  • Research Methodology
  • Research Methodology Dissertation
  • Research Methods Examples
  • Research on Brand Management
  • Research Paper Samples
  • Research Papers on Abortion
  • Research Proposal Examples
  • Research Proposal Hypothesis
  • Research Proposal Introduction
  • Research Proposal on Social Networks
  • Research Proposal Problem Statement
  • Research Proposal Purpose of the Study
  • Research Proposal Samples
  • Research Proposals on Architectural Design
  • Research Questions Examples
  • Research Skills
  • Resident Classification Scale
  • Resilience in Students
  • Respiratory Disorder Case Studies
  • Respondents of the Study
  • Response Surface Methodology
  • Restaurant Industry
  • Resumes / CV's
  • Retail Grocery Market Industry
  • Retail Industry in UK
  • Retailing Company Case Studies
  • Retention Issues & Strategies
  • Revenue Management
  • Reverse Culture Shock
  • Review of Related Literature
  • Reward Management Module
  • Reward Systems in Organisations
  • Rights of the Child
  • Risk Assessment and Prevention
  • Risk Management
  • Risk Management in Healthcare
  • Risk Management Strategies
  • Risk on Projects
  • Role of Advertising
  • Role of Leadership Traits
  • Role of Mass Media
  • Role of Micro and Small Enterprise
  • Role of Transport Sector
  • Rose’s theory
  • Royal Dutch Shell SWOT Analysis
  • Rural Development
  • Rural Poverty Reduction
  • Ryan Air
  • Ryan Air Ansoff Matrix
  • Ryanair Case Studies
  • Ryanair Low Fares
  • Ryanair Pestel
  • Safe Exchanges of Goods
  • Safe Healthcare Environment
  • Safe School Initiative
  • Safety and Health Examples
  • Safety and Health Practices Examples
  • Safety and Productivity Issues
  • Safety Awareness in the Workplace
  • Sales Management
  • Sales Training and Development Samples
  • Sample Accounting Essays
  • Sample Action Plans
  • Sample Annotated Bibliography
  • Sample Answers to an Interview
  • Sample Article Review
  • Sample Assignment Instructions
  • Sample Business Assignments
  • Sample Case Study Nursing Budget
  • Sample College Essay Topics
  • Sample College Paper
  • Sample Critical Discussion
  • Sample Curriculum Vitae
  • Sample Dissertation Abstract
  • Sample Dissertation Essay Topics
  • Sample Dissertation Introduction
  • Sample Dissertation Outline
  • Sample Dissertation Research Problem and Objectives
  • Sample Dissertation Table of Contents
  • Sample Essay Conclusions
  • Sample Essay Papers
  • Sample Essay Topics on Brand Labeling
  • Sample Essays
  • Sample Gantt Chart
  • Sample Globalisation Essays
  • Sample Internal Memo
  • Sample Journal Entries
  • Sample Journals
  • Sample Lesson Plan
  • Sample Letters
  • Sample Management Essays
  • Sample Market Research
  • Sample Marketing Essays
  • Sample Masters Thesis
  • Sample MBA Essay
  • Sample Mission Statement
  • Sample Montessori Papers
  • Sample New Public Management
  • Sample Nursing Essays
  • Sample PEST Analysis Papers
  • Sample Pestle Analysis
  • Sample Proposals
  • Sample Reflective Essay
  • Sample Report Writing
  • Sample Research Paper
  • Sample Research Proposals
  • Sample Research Questions
  • Sample Survey Results
  • Sample SWOT Analysis
  • Sample Table of Contents
  • Sample Term Papers
  • Sample Thesis Abstract
  • Sample Thesis Abstracts
  • Sample Thesis Chapter 2
  • Sample Thesis Conlusions
  • Sample Thesis Papers
  • Sample Thesis Research Design
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Sarcoids Examples
  • Satellite Communication Systems
  • Saudi Arabia Foreign Direct Investment
  • Saudi Arabia Hospitalization Industry
  • School Desegragation
  • School Shootings
  • Schooling in Australia
  • Schools
  • Science
  • Scientific Management Examples
  • Scientific Management Theory
  • Search Your Paper
  • Seasonality in Liner Shipping Industry
  • Secret of Corporate Success
  • Securities and Exchange Commission
  • Security Examples
  • Self Esteem Case Study Analysis
  • Self Help Articles
  • Self Improvement
  • Self Organisation
  • Self Reflection
  • Semiotic Analysis
  • Sensibility Analysis
  • Sensory Modalities
  • Serial correlation of stock returns
  • Service Quality in National Healthcare Supply Chains
  • Seth Godin Videos
  • Seven-Eleven Japan Company
  • Sex Education Essays
  • Sexual Harrassment
  • Share Price Strategies
  • Shareholder Value Creation Strategy
  • Shell Case Studies
  • Shell Petroleum Case Studies
  • Sherbourne
  • Shipbuilding Industry
  • Shipping Finance
  • Shipping Industry in Greece
  • Should prayer be in the schools
  • Significance of the Study
  • Significance of the Study Examples
  • Sing Tao Daily Case Analysis
  • Singapore Airlines
  • Singapore International Book Fair
  • Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Center
  • Singapore Papers
  • Singapore Topics
  • Singapore's Model of Perspiration
  • Situational Leadership
  • Six Sigma Samples
  • Sleep Essay Examples
  • Small and Medium Enterprises
  • Small Business Management
  • Small Scale Business Development
  • Small Tour Operators
  • Smartphones
  • SME in Ghana
  • SME's
  • Smoking
  • Smoking Habits
  • Social Behaviour Essays
  • Social Cognition
  • Social Cognitive Behavior
  • Social Costs and Benefits of Marking The Change
  • Social Interaction in Children's Learning
  • Social Networking Examples
  • Social Policy
  • Social Responsibility
  • Social Sciences
  • Social Welfare Theory
  • Sociology Essay Samples
  • Soft systems methodology
  • Softdrink Industry
  • Sole Proprietor Sample
  • Solid and Liquid Waste Disposals
  • Sony Case Studies
  • SOURCE OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF SMES
  • Spa Treatment
  • Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
  • Special Education (SPED)
  • Specialty Nursing Practice
  • Speech Writing Assignment
  • Spiritual Reflection Samples
  • Sports
  • Sports Marketing Plan
  • Sports Physiology
  • Staff Motivation
  • Staff Turnover and Retention Strategies
  • Stages of Group Development
  • Stakeholder Theory
  • Standard Chartered Bank Essays
  • Standard of Care
  • Standardisation
  • Standpoint on Equity & Education
  • Starbucks Case Studies
  • Starbucks Matrix Structure
  • Statement of Observation
  • Statement of the Problem
  • Statistical Modelling
  • Statistics and its purpose
  • Statistics Sample
  • Status Report Sample
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Stock Market
  • Stock Market Analysis
  • Strategic Implications
  • Strategic Management
  • Strategic Management Dell
  • Strategic Management Essay Samples
  • Strategic Marketing Planning
  • Strategic Process
  • Strategic Thinking
  • Strategies on Brand Images
  • Strategy Building Industry
  • Strategy Clock
  • Strategy Conceptual Frameworks
  • Strategy Development Process
  • Strategy Formation
  • Strategy implementation and the winning formula
  • Strategy Process
  • Street Lighting
  • Strengths and Weaknesses Samples
  • Stress Case Studies
  • Structuration Theory in Knowledge Management
  • Structure of a Research Proposal
  • Student Achievement
  • Study Leadership
  • Study of English Language
  • Styles of Leadership
  • Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
  • Supplier Involvement and Procurement Effectiveness
  • Supplies Officers
  • Supply Chain
  • Supply Chain Management and Logistics
  • Supply Chain Management Practices Examples
  • Supply Chain Management Thesis Sample
  • Supply Chain Process
  • Supply Chain Redefined
  • Supply Management Examples
  • Survey Questionnaire Sample
  • Suspicious character personnel
  • Sustainability Issues
  • Sustainable Competitive Advantage Example
  • Sustainable Management of Fish Resources
  • Swanson's Caring Theory
  • Swatch Brand Examples
  • Swatch Case Study
  • SWOT Analysis
  • SWOT Analysis Example Greek Wine Industry
  • SWOT Analysis Examples
  • Systems Ecological Approach
  • Systems Theory
  • Systems Thinking
  • Table of Contents
  • Taiwan Essays
  • Taiwan High Speed Rail Project
  • Target Corporation
  • Tax Term Paper Examples
  • Taxation (non U.S.)
  • Taxation Law
  • Teacher-Student Relationship
  • Teaching and Effective Means
  • Teaching Plan
  • Team Concepts
  • Team Development
  • Technological Change
  • Technological Outputs
  • Technology Essays
  • Technology Systems Examples
  • Teenage Sexual Intercourse
  • Telecom Paper Examples
  • Telecommunications Industry
  • Television
  • Term Paper Examples
  • Terrorism Term Papers
  • TESCO Case Studies
  • TESCO Research Proposal
  • Testing Weak Form Efficiency
  • The Apple Corporation
  • The Body Shop
  • The Concept of Critical Periods
  • The Concept of Utilitarianism
  • The Impact of Happiness
  • The Implementation of Change within an Organization
  • The Importance of Image
  • The Ketchup Company
  • The Law of Entropy
  • The Marketing Report Of Hong Kong
  • The Marketing Strategy of HSBC
  • The net discount rate
  • The Random Walk Method
  • The Relation of Theory to Practice
  • The Retailing Industry
  • The Schrader House and Crescent House
  • The War on Terror
  • Theoretical Framework
  • Theoretical Model
  • Theories of Personality
  • Theory & Practices Examples
  • Theory of Value
  • Therapist Attitudes
  • Thesis Aims & Objectives
  • Thesis Background of the Study
  • Thesis Chapter 1 Example
  • Thesis Chapter 3 Sample
  • Thesis Chapter 4 Examples
  • Thesis Chapter 5 Examples
  • Thesis Conceptual Framework Examples
  • Thesis Conclusion
  • Thesis Definition of Terms
  • Thesis Examples
  • Thesis Hypothesis
  • Thesis Literature Review Examples
  • Thesis Methodology
  • Thesis Paper Examples
  • Thesis Paper Samples
  • Thesis Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data
  • Thesis Research Proposal Samples
  • Thesis Sample Topic on Bank of England
  • Thesis Scope & Limitations
  • Thesis Significance of the Study
  • Thesis Statement
  • Thesis Statement Commercial Law
  • Thesis Statement Hong Kong Service Industry
  • Thesis Statement of the Problem
  • Thesis Statement SMEs
  • Thesis Statements Aging
  • Thesis Statements on Customer Relationship Marketing
  • Thesis Statements Samples
  • Thesis Survey Questionnaire
  • Thesis Topics
  • Time Machine
  • Tips on Marketing Research
  • Tips on Photography
  • Tips on Saving Money
  • Tithing Videos
  • Topics on China
  • Total Knee Replacement Surgery
  • Total Quality Management
  • Total Quality Management Papers
  • Touch Screen Keyboard
  • Tour Operators
  • Tourette's Syndrome
  • Tourism Development Conceptual Framework
  • Tourism in the Economic Recession
  • Tourism Papers
  • Tourism Sample Essays
  • Tourist Facilities in Kenya
  • Toyota Case Studies
  • Toyota International Marketing Management
  • Toyota’s Production System
  • Toyota’s Transformation Process
  • Trade and Industry Examples
  • Trade Off Theory
  • Trading in Uncertainty
  • Traditional and new forms of organization
  • Traditional Arbitration
  • Traditional Budgeting Example
  • Traditional Business Model Samples
  • Training
  • Training Development
  • Transaction Costs And Core Competencies
  • Transcript
  • Transland Shipping Group
  • Translation & Language
  • Translation Mobile Applications
  • Transport Policy and Planning
  • Transportation Industry Topics in Australia
  • Trap-Ease
  • Travel
  • Travel Distribution Channel UK
  • Treasury Department Papers
  • Trends and Indicators
  • Triumph Motorcycles Case Studies
  • Tuberculosis
  • Two-Way Symmetrical Model Examples
  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Papers
  • U. S. Government
  • UK Capital Asset-Pricing Model
  • UK Papers
  • UK Sample Papers
  • UK Stock Market FTSE 100 Index Papers
  • UK Theme Parks
  • UK Topics
  • UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
  • Uncitral Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration
  • Understanding the Key Issues
  • UNICEF Position Papers
  • Uniqlo
  • Unique Selling Proposition Example
  • United Nations
  • United States
  • University Application Letter Examples
  • Urban Planning
  • US Health Care Policy
  • US Management Style
  • US Market
  • US News Media Sample Papers
  • US Secret Service
  • USA
  • USA World Bank
  • Usability Assessment
  • Use of Statistics
  • Utilitarianism Essays
  • Utilitarianism Samples
  • Vagina Essays
  • Valuation Methods
  • Value Chain
  • Value Chain Analysis of Production
  • Value Chain Examples
  • Value Management
  • Value of the role of HR managers
  • Venture Capital
  • Violence Essay Samples
  • Violent Behaviors
  • Violent Offenders
  • Virgin Atlantic Airlines Strategy
  • Virgin Group Papers
  • Visual Merchandising Examples
  • Vocational Education
  • Vodafone Articles
  • Vodafone Marketing Strategy
  • Volatility of the Stock
  • W. J. Towell
  • Wages
  • Waiver Letter
  • Wal-Mart Case Studies
  • Wal-Mart Corporation
  • Wal-Mart Sample Case Studies
  • Wall Mart Examples
  • Wall Street
  • War Papers
  • Water Born Diseases
  • Weak Form Efficiency
  • Weak Form of Market Efficiency
  • Web Writing
  • Web/Tech
  • Weblogs
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
  • Welfare Provision in Western Europe
  • Westport Connecticut
  • What Is a Body Paragraph
  • Whirlpool Essays
  • White Collar Crime and Organized Crime
  • Wholesale Lending
  • Wholesalers
  • William Harley
  • Women in Boardrooms
  • Women in Leadership
  • Women in Medicine
  • Women Pageant
  • Woolworths Limited
  • Work Force
  • Work Life Balance of Professional Nurses
  • Work Place Issues
  • Workforce Management
  • Working Capital Examples
  • Workplace Conflict Examples
  • Workplaces Essays Australia
  • world and nature of entrepreneurship
  • World Economic Environment
  • World Health Organization
  • World Wide Web
  • Wound Management
  • Writing Tips
  • Written Statement of Particulars
  • Z My Inspirations
  • Z Photography Sales
  • Z Photography Videos
  • Z Videos
  • Zara Case Studies
  • Zero Based Budgeting Example
  • Zoroastrianism Religion

« Dissertation Essay Instructions | Main | Memorandum »

April 01, 2009

Causes and Effects of Working Long Hours

Category : Dissertation Samples





Causes and Effects of Working Long Hours

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

CHAPTER

 

1.      INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………

Purpose of the Study            ………………………………………………

Importance of the Study        ………………………………………………

Scope of the Study               ………………………………………………

Rationale of the Study          ………………………………………………

Overview of the Study           ………………………………………………

 

2.      REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE            ………………………

 

3.      METHODS USED IN RESEARCH                  ………………………

Approach                               ………………………………………………

Data Gathering Method        ………………………………………………

Data Base of the Study        ………………………………………………

Validity of the Data               ………………………………………………

Originality of the Data           ………………………………………………

Summary                                ………………………………………………

 

Chapter 1

 

Introduction

            A culture of long working days was entrenched in many countries worldwide and played havoc with the family relationships and health of workers. The reasons for workers to work long hours are varied. They also vary from country to country. Although there are benefits to working long hours, it cannot be denied that it also has its disadvantages.

Sometimes grinding away is necessary. In many professions - especially in medicine, but also law, real estate and accounting - the new practitioners have to put in long hours to pay their dues. Their bosses reason that when they were starting up, they had to lose sleep. Salesmen who work on commission usually find a direct relationship between how long they are willing to work and how much money they make. The mathematical aspect of salesmanship is that there's a certain proportion of yesses to nos, and often you have to put in long hours getting enough nos to bring in the yesses you need. Entrepreneurs also have to put in long hours to get their businesses going. Lacking big staffs, they have to put in the work themselves, and if they don't work, they don't eat.

Workers' lives became "narrow" as they gave up hobbies and sport, spent less time with friends and family, and were too tired or simply did not have time for sex. Other impacts were rocky marriages or marital breakdowns, health problems such as suicidal thoughts, high blood pressure and long-term fatigue, and fatigue-related accidents at work.

Whatever the reason may be for some people to work long hours, the fact still remains that this has created another sort of burden for the individual who works long hours. These causes as well as the effects that working individuals have experienced will be the subject of this research.

 

Purpose of the Study

            This paper aims to look into the causes and effects of working long hours. By looking into the experiences of people who work long hours, this paper will attempt to answer the purpose of this research.

 

Importance of the Study

            Although it is important for people to work in order to survive, people must not forget that health is more important. Working too much can have disastrous effects on the health of individuals. Additionally, it is not only health which is affected but personal relations as well are affected.

 

Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the various causes and effects that interact in the situation of working long hours. Data will be collected in a qualitative form of research using questionnaires.

 

 

 

Rationale of the Study

One of the main issues in the rationale for this study was the opportunity to study the interaction the causes and effects that working long hours brings to the working population. Work is good, yes, but not when it comes to the extent that other things have been neglected because the focus is solely on work alone.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter 2 Literature Review

 

History of Working Time

 

            A social organization of time that served to synchronize hours of work and leisure for much of the twentieth century is gradually disintegrating. The dramatic decline of average hours per worker in the early decades of the century has ceased and possibly reversed in the last two or three decades. It is not yet clear what configuration of hours will emerge to replace the erstwhile standard workweek. What is clear is that the changing level and distribution of hours of work presumably reflect the responses of individuals, plus those of their employers and their government officials, to an array of evolving forces in the state of the economy and culture--trends in wages, inequality consumerism, or the balance of power in the labor market.

            Historically, while there have been uneven waves in the downward path, industrialized economies delivered a portion of improved productivity in the form of reduced work time and greater leisure. The labor movement, in part, arose to battle against the long, rigid workdays imposed by factory-system production. Their goal was to reduce the standard workweek in order both to increase time for leisure and to prevent feared technological unemployment. The shorter-hours crusade eventually led to governmental reform establishing maximum hours.          But the shorter-hours movement attenuated after the depression. Stability in the level of work hours and standardized work schedules for full-time workers became one of the hallmark institutional arrangements of the postwar era. Consequently, average and median weekly hours remained virtually constant through the 1960s, particularly for white, prime-aged men, and exhibited very little cyclical variation. Annual hours continued declining through the 1970s due to the growth in paid holiday and vacation time.

            Three social forces influenced the social organization of time in the late twentieth century. First, the labor-led movement for shorter hours in the European Union achieved significant reductions in the standard workweek. The latest is a legislated decrease to thirty-five hours in France by the year 2002, primarily as a means of work sharing, or spreading employment opportunities. Second, new manufacturing technologies, a twenty-four-hour service economy, and the globalization of organizations, production, and competition are leading employers to create more nonstandard and flexible work-hour practices, at the behest of customers more than of employees. Third, flexible-hours scheduling at the discretion of employees has been proposed as a means of enabling workers to meet their responsibilities outside of work.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Current Situation

           

            Working long hours or overtime massively increases the risk of job-related illnesses and injuries, research has found. Those who work overtime are 61 per cent more likely to suffer occupational injuries than those who do only their contracted hours. Working at least 12 hours a day is linked to a 38 per increased risk of injury, and a minimum 60-hour week is associated with a 23 per cent greater chance of being hurt at work. Injuries were particularly likely towards the end of long shifts, as workers became tired and stressed, the researchers found.

 

            A later generation of workers, responding to this threat, developed the idea that the harmful employment effects of machines might be avoided if employers were required to cut working hours as the machines were installed. That way, even if machines took over some of the work once performed by human beings, some work might remain, continuing to require a full crew of workers. With that purpose in mind, the trade union movements in Europe and North America carried on a struggle throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries to bring down the number of daily or weekly hours scheduled at the work place ( 1989).

 

            Intuitively we can see the logic of this argument. The more hours people work, the fewer people will be needed to complete a given piece of work. The shorter the hours, the more workers it will take to do the work. In the short run there is, in other words, a tradeoff between employment and average work hours in the production process. In the long run, of course, the situation is complicated by changes in other factors--for instance, how efficiently the people are working. Also, the amounts of work needing to be done can vary. More people, longer work hours, greater efficiency of production, or a combination of the three, would be required to complete a larger amount of work ( 1989).

 

            The posture of working long hours has long been a management fad. A  article noted that among recent MBA graduates who went into consulting or investment banking, "there is a New York culture; it's almost a macho image: 'I work more hours than you do.' " Down at Salomon Brothers, were found lining up for coffee at 7:15 A.M. Henry Kaufman, the firm's research head, declared: "We are looking for people who don't look at the endeavor as a 9-to-5 business. For some of us, it's a 24-hour business." Over at Gulf & Western headquarters, a spiral of lighted windows was seen late at night leading up to a row of lights on the top floor where the company's CEO, another long- hours prodigy, was presumed to be laboring at his desk ( 1989).

 

            Work, work, work--that is the ticket to success in financial circles. Ivan Boesky, the famed arbitrageur convicted of insider trading, was an exemplar of the " work ethic" as practiced today on Wall Street. An article in Time magazine described his living habits in the these terms: "Boesky was terribly good indeed, thanks to frantic 20-hour work days, obsessive research and a natural trader's ability to talk on several telephones at once.... Boesky works like a machine and claims to sleep only two or three hours a night. He rises at 4:30 each morning and climbs into his chauffeured limousine.... At work Boesky stands behind his desk and punches buttons on a 300-line telephone console as he studies flickering stock market figures (1989).

 

            In this age of technical specialization, the boss cannot be expected to know how well each employee is doing his job. Lacking a good measuring stick, he uses "effort" as a substitute measure. If an employee regularly works long hours, it is assumed that he is putting his all into the job. Such people therefore get promoted into management positions. There are several opinions as to whether working long hours actually improves work performance. On the negative side, a study conducted by two IBM researchers found that "working long hours may have little to do with a manager's effectiveness."

 

A management consultant has called the workaholic boss "an 18-hour-a-day menace." The workaholic manager, he said, was "a contradiction in terms, because if you're a workaholic, you can't be a manager. A workaholic placed in a management position ... is one of the most divisive forces roaming the corridors of the industrialized world."13 Even so, almost 60 percent of corporate CEOs who were surveyed in 1984 admitted to working 60 or more hours per week, up from 44 percent in 1980 ( 1989).

 

            How do economists know that in requiring abnormally long hours of work the economy will necessarily produce an endlessly expanding quantity of useful products and not waste? Is it not negligent for powerful persons who are themselves insulated from economic hardship to entertain carelessly optimistic views of how others will fare under their policies? How can they assume that the millions of workers who are discharged from basic industries will unfailingly be picked up somewhere else; or that while wages are being squeezed to make American businesses more competitive, enough people will continue to have enough money in their pockets to buy all the consumer products that industry can produce; or that the pool of money and spending habits we call the U.S. market can be endlessly tapped by businesses all over the world without any thought to its financial replenishment? And free enterprise will take care of everything! Consumer markets do not grow in nature; they need to be grown. One would hope that some economists would again give thought to the process of building or "growing" a strong American market--demand-side economics, if you will--through full-scale wages paid for real, productive work (1989).

 

            The shorter-workweek proposal is not a give-away program to pay people for doing nothing. Rather it is a program to allow more people to become productive. It is also a way to beat back the encroaching wilderness of waste to a more tolerable perimeter.

 

            On the one hand, long hours may be considered a healthy sign of economic vigor and diligence in the United States, as well as a source of gains in aggregate labor productivity and material comfort. But the social costs have become dear. An increasing number of workers report they experience more fatigue, time pressure, speedup, and inability to achieve a desired balance in their lives between paid work and their family, personal, and civic time. A growing share of workers are overemployed -- willing but unable to reduce their hours in exchange for less income at their current jobs. On the other hand, another share, perhaps larger, feel compelled to work more hours because of financial strain, job insecurity, or employer pressure. Even if worked "voluntarily," ever-longer hours can undermine the very quality of living standards they are presumed to boost. In economic terms, short-run static efficiency may be gained at the direct expense of both social welfare and long-run dynamic efficiency, and perhaps equity as well ( 2000).

 

            Evidence suggesting average hours per worker in the United States may be lengthening has ignited a controversy over measuring the actual level of and trends in work hours. Much is at stake, not only for scholars but also for workers and societies, in determining whether the nature of postindustrial economic growth is delivering shorter or longer hours of work. One inherent challenge in analyzing working time is that there are many dimensions to it, and thus alternative units of measuring it. Indeed, measurement is key to the trends controversy. The dimension attracting the most focus is the duration of hours, typically an arithmetical average for the workweek.

 

But there is also its differentiation--the distribution of hours across the whole workforce. Indeed, there are signs that in many countries, including the United States and Canada, work hours have become more polarized by income bracket. Then there is the scheduling of a given volume of hours, increasingly crucial in a globalizing economy and in dual-earner households where timing is becoming almost everything. Moreover, there is the temporal (or dynamic) flexibility of both the duration and scheduling of work hours in the face of either the changing preferences of a worker or the changing desires of an employer. Finally, there is intensification--the extent to which multiple tasks, paid or nonpaid activities, are being attempted in a given block of time, which heightens the pace of time (2000).

 

            The duration of hours is measured in several different units-- over the day, week, year, business cycle, or lifetime. For example, the number of hours may be the same daily, or averaged over a week, month, or year (for example, annualization). Likewise the scheduling of hours can be conceived in alternative ways, including daily shift times, regular or irregular (for example, rotating or staggered) shifts weekly, core plus sliding hours, on-call or on-premises work, days on and days off, blocks of seasonal work, and leave times over the year.

 

Finally, flexibility of hours or scheduling for one party may often come at the expense of flexibility of the other, and coincide only by chance. This situation depends on whether demand, for instance, happens to recede at a time when employees wish to cut back on work time or surges when they wish to earn overtime. Workers may be willing to trade off one dimension of work for another; they might endure a longer duration in order to have a job with a more flexible daily schedule (as is the case for the United States), or accept more volatility in exchange for a shorter duration (as is the case in the European Union) (2000).

           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Economic Consequences of Working Longer Hours

 

            The main benefit of longer hours worked by some segments of the work force, to the extent that they are largely uncompensated work hours, is that they contribute to the noninflationary growth experienced over the past decade. However, there are several worrisome potential side effects. Longer hours can eventually impede average productivity of labor per hour and workers' investments in their own human capital, thus diminishing our long-run competitiveness. Too many hours for some, combined with too few hours for others, can further polarize income inequality, as has occurred in Canada. Rising hours may also limit job opportunities, either quantitatively by stifling job creation or qualitatively by reducing the volume of standard-hours jobs, preferred by workers with more nonwork responsibilities. This reinforces gender inequities in opportunity for income gains, since the latter group is disproportionately composed of women ( 2000).

 

            In addition, overwork hampers gender equity in participation within the household and in the labor force.  (i2000) traces the historical shift from home to market economic activity. This shift has profound implications for the gender division of labor.  points out that the provision of child care does not share in the productivity increases that have occurred in most other types of economic activity. Providing child care through one's own resources entails an ever-higher opportunity cost and, at the same time, an ever-greater relative expense for lower-income families. Reducing these costs requires a reconstruction of our current policies toward an eclectic model of shortening the standard workweek, creating high-quality part-time jobs, offering paid parental leave, and providing more public subsidies for child care (, 2000).

 

            While one segment of the U.S. labor market is overworked, another, not coincidentally, is underemployed. There are macroeconomic repercussions if one segment of the workforce is overemployed while another is underemployed. Underemployment, of course, restrains household incomes and thus the economy's aggregate demand. Overemployment, which like unemployment has structural, cyclical, and frictional sources, shortchanges individuals and households on time for leisure and household production.

 

While rising average hours of paid work (assuming constant real wages) may certainly stimulate aggregate demand, in part by leading people to substitute money-intensive for time-intensive leisure activities, they reduce either the quantity (or the quality) of socially productive leisure. They may reduce the time available for being an effective marriage partner, parent, and citizen. That is, the combination of overwork and time-pressured leisure leaves less time not only for recuperation and revitalization, but also for caregiving, volunteering, civic involvement, and lifelong learning. That is, future human capital and social al capital are put at risk, not to mention other health and safety risks. The social cost of maldistributed hours comes back to haunt an entire macroeconomy, not only the individuals and family members who bear the brunt of it (   2000).

 

            Finally, although longer hours may raise production and thus per-worker productivity, they undermine the rate of worker productivity per hour. To the extent that longer workweeks eventually lead to fatigue, burnout, turnover, and absenteeism, employers find that organizational productivity suffers. This may set off a vicious cycle if employers respond to these growing labor costs by further lengthening employee workloads and work hours to curb costs or regain competitiveness ( 2000).

 

            This research suggests that longer hours are here to stay for the foreseeable future. Management will continue to face significant competitive and market pressures to operate 24/7, to schedule work to deliver "just-in-time," and to meet peak demand. Workers will need to better synchronize work with other activities and responsibilities, and they will be induced to give up leisure time, income, or security to attain this.

 

The research results also suggest that recent legislation proposed in the U.S. Congress to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) rules that govern overtime pay are misguided. Resembling part of the EU Working Time Directive of 1996 that allowed employers to use hours-averaging schemes, the ELSA proposals open the door to more variable weekly hours, and will do nothing to curb growth in overtime hours or its sources. Indeed, they may prove counterproductive for workers' welfare unless they ensure that a greater share of workers gain discretion over the number of their scheduled overtime h ours and the timing of the compensatory time off that they earn.

 

            This perspective on the employment relationship emerged among employed people in Britain, Ireland and Portugal, but not Sweden or Norway, where there is a different model of industrial relations and unions remain more influential. Where this emerged young people talked about the need to comply with what employers demand, such as long hours of work, simply because they felt that the labour-market situation left them with no option. They brought few expectations of mutual benefit and perceived little or no obligations on either side beyond the formal contract. They did what they needed to do and expected little in return. There was a decline in their trust in employers that was particularly strong among young people in the study with the least marketable skills, who were most likely to associate employer flexibility with reduced choice and rights for employees (2001).

 

            One country which has defined a word to identify when a worker has died from overwork is Japan and the term is karoshi. “Official statistics show that Japanese put in the longest working hours in the industrialised world: a year long total of 2,088 hours on average versus 1,500 for Europeans and 1,800 for Americans” (1991).  (1993, ) similarly argued that Japanese work approximately six weeks more each year than US employees. However, many of these karoshi victims typically work 3,000 to 3,500 hours a year, according to their surviving family members (1991, ). It might be of interest that, according to official estimates, as many as 10,000 people may die from karoshi in Japan each year (1991).

 

            Men are more likely to work excessive hours than women ( 1998). For women, it has been argued, their careers are often not as orderly as men’s and may include such things as career breaks, which, combined with the “glass ceiling effect”, have required women to take more control over their own careers and rely less on the organization (1998). Marshall (1984) proposes that women are more focused on intrinsic rewards and rely less on promotion and salary than men and, therefore, they spend less time at the office. In fact, Simpson (1998, p. 37) suggested that women were less prone to “presenteeism” (defined as “being at work when you should be at home either because you are ill or because you are working such long hours that you can no longer be effective” (1996,)). However, where such a phenomenon occurs it imposes heavy costs on women who attempt to meet the conflicting demands of home and work.

 

            One way organizations have made an attempt to allow flexible hours is by investing in technology. This investment is very often in labor-saving devices. However, much of the research on labor-saving devices has concentrated on costs, in dollar terms, which derive from the need for increased overtime to cover lost time because of accidents. Clearly it costs less in immediate dollars to have the current workforce put in overtime hours rather than employ replacement staff.

 

            Many countries have realized that in some occupations it is necessary to limit the length of time a person may spend on any one task. For example, for nearly two decades the complaints of computer operators working at VDT’s – eye trouble, headaches, muscle cramps, hand and wrist problems – have been recognized and in fact legislation to restrict the number of hours a person is permitted to work in these direct operations at one time has been enacted. It may be that for other occupations the large number of hours now claimed to be worked by employees can have similar debilitating effects on employees.

 

            The overtiredness from excessive work hours can lead to death (1994). For instance: In the early decades of this century it was not uncommon for maintenance employees to work steady double shifts that added up to 84 hour work weeks … In the early 1900s, on the second part of a shift, the maintenance guys might not work at all. They were on call, but they could rest. Now the companies keep up better maintenance schedules and the maintenance workers are doing more double shifts (without the rest time).

 

 

Chapter 3 Methodology

 

            This chapter discusses the research design, respondents of the study, research setting, data gathering procedure, research instrument and statistical treatment of the research under study.

The methodology to be used in the research will be the Questionnaires. The information gathered from them will be used as a primary and secondary data for the research. Questionnaires will be sent to the participants of the study. Questions are prepared and listed in the appendix. The alternative sources are determined and will be used to collect the data. The respondents for the questionnaire survey are employees from the big firms that promote long working hours within the city.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research Instrument

 

The researchers used a questionnaire (with simple/dichotomous items and multiple choices) in obtaining the information relevant to this study. In administering the tool, respondents will gather self-reported information through self-administration of questions in a paper-pencil format. A follow-up interview was done.

            This method is useful in collecting data for the following reasons: (1) subjects will be asked to respond to the same set of questions, in the same order, (2) they had the same set of options for their responses, (3) it is economical.

            In a questionnaire using closed-ended questions, the investigator offered two alternative replies of true or false from which the subjects chose the one that matched the appropriate answer. A follow-up interview for clarification will also be done.

 

 

 

 

 

Synthesis:

The results from primary and secondary data sources will be synthesized and an attempt will be made to formulate a framework for evaluating firm level understanding. The study includes primary and secondary data collection and analyses, using various statistical tools and techniques. The primary data include idea generation, discussions from the industry, brainstorming and through questionnaire survey. The secondary data include literature survey, study of relevant journal articles and books using databases and Web sites.

The questionnaires are provided in this study and that the respondents were given such response choices. The results have been tabulated in every question in the survey. ( 2001) The study required an organized data gathering in order to pinpoint the research philosophies and theories that will be included in the research, the methodology of the research and the instruments of data interpretation. The descriptive research method uses observation as in this method; it is possible that the study would be inexpensive and time-efficient. Thus, this study will use the descriptive approach. Descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition.

The purpose of employing this method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the cause/s of particular phenomena. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. Moreover, the research requires an organized data gathering in order to pinpoint theories included in the research, the methodology of the research and the instruments of data interpretation. ( 2000)

There also incorporates a direct respondent observation as it is possible that the study would be inexpensive and time efficient as the chosen method to gather information about the causes and effects of long working hours, in employing the method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the reasons and causes for the arising issues involved and being investigated by the researcher within a specific structure and context. (1995) The researcher opted to use this design considering the desire of the researcher to obtain first hand information data from the respondents so as to formulate simple and direct conclusion and recommendations for the research study. ( 1995)

The research study will employ a matter of qualitative research design as the study intends to find substantial real evidence in the process for the software industry as it can have standard measures needed to be executed in accomplishing the tasks for conducting researches as needed for the completion of the empirical research.

The study uses a qualitative research approach and it is interpretive according to Klein and Myers’ (1999 p.69) terms. This study started with initial definitions of research questions in broad terms. It is important to make the research domain as focused as possible, as otherwise the researcher can be overwhelmed with impertinent data and needless work. The questions and constructs only help in the research work and they should be defined in a way to allow for modifications and enhancements as appropriate. ( 1995) Moreover, designing, organizing and conducting a questionnaire survey is like establishing and running a business as it requires good knowledge and skill and specific training although some people assume that starting a business requires no special skills beyond a willingness to try as contrary to common assumptions, a questionnaire is more than a list of questions.

Rather, it is a scientific instrument for measuring and collecting particular kinds of data and must be designed in accordance with particular specifications and tailored to the specific aims of the reviewer. Once the problem has been defined and the decision to conduct a survey finalized, the surveyor should next decide what survey method should be used to obtain the desired information from the respondents. Although it is sometimes possible to survey an entire population, generally this technique would result in an unwieldy amount of data. To limit the population surveyed, a sample is drawn to reflect the characteristics of the total population. By using a carefully drawn sample, the surveyor is assured that potential respondents have been selected in a standard, scientific manner. Successful questionnaire development includes identifying the specific problem, understanding the subject matter and knowing the respondents, as appropriate survey method, sample size, type of sampling and type of questions have to be given adequate consideration.

Finally, researchers must limit how many questions a questionnaire asks because most people will allocate only a limited amount of time for filling out questionnaires. In the survey research, sampling is unnecessary because the researcher surveys the entire population. If the researcher is interested in the attitudes of only specific employees at one company using one computer program, he or she can survey the entire population and not worry about sampling procedures. In most cases, though, researchers are interested in generalizing the findings from a given sample to a larger population. Depending on the type of information solicited, the researcher may want to quantitatively measure reliability and validity. Reliability refers to the extent that the questionnaire elicits the same answers from the same people at different times. One way to measure reliability is to ask respondents a few questions twice in the questionnaire.

After the questionnaire data have been analyzed, a post mortem should be held in which the researcher evaluates the success of the methods used. No survey is perfect, and taking stock of what did and did not work will improve the quality of future research. Part of the evaluation is determining reliability and validity, as discussed earlier; however, other evaluation activities should also be conducted. The follow-up procedure should be evaluated to determine whether it improved response rates and whether it was worth its expense. The questionnaire itself also needs to be evaluated. Even with pilot testing, problems can arise with question ambiguity, questionnaire length, unanswered questions, and misread instructions.

The purpose of employing such research method is to describe the nature of a situation, as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes and effects of the take over situation. Thus, the researcher will use this research process in order to obtain first hand data from useful resources so as to create better and sound conclusion and recommendations for the study. This study will employ a quantitative research method with intention to find valid case evidences useful in emphasizing crucial issues and areas of concern regarding behavior, attitudes, opinions and beliefs.

Moreover, designing, organizing and conducting a questionnaire survey is like establishing a good business as it requires good knowledge and skill and specific training although some people assume that starting a business requires no special skills beyond a willingness to try. (1995 ) Therefore, the survey should not pose questions whose answers are interesting but unessential to the main thrust of the investigation. In making these determinations, the surveyor should keep in mind the survey's end user – the individuals who will use the survey findings to determine questions that will be most meaningful and useful.

 

 

 

 

The data to be utilized in the research will be both primary data and secondary data. While the primary data are collected straight from the sources and are gathered through the survey which will be the key research tool, the secondary data are collected from current related literatures as generated by large organizations. The secondary data will also assist the researcher in the development of the questionnaire such that will be used to retrieve primary data.  The secondary data thus comes as a support for the acquisition of primary data.  The research will utilize a Qualitative approach in gathering information which will be sufficient enough to provide a medium for interaction and opinion tabulation that will be correspond to the opinions closely to the precise opinions of the users themselves.

The primary source of data will come from a researcher-made survey questionnaire, which will be given to the respondents. The questionnaire method is administered by having the respondents answer a form of questions.  The items of the questionnaire will tackle on firm developments since the application of corporate governance. Specific details will focus on questions regarding operational performance and firm value.

 

 

 

 

2.1Secondary Research:

 

The usage of the secondary data for the researcher will be “answering research questions or solving some or all of the research problems, helping in problem formulation and/or devising more concrete and focused research questions, deciding about the appropriateness of a certain research method or even suggesting better research methods for a particular problem, providing benchmarking measures and other findings that can be compared later on with the results of the study at hand” (2005). The secondary data for the research will be collect from variable sources like websites, government statistics bureau, Business organizations, Chamber of Commerce, Trade centers and Consulates, census reports, books, magazines, journals, periodicals, television and radio. There are large numbers of theories, articles and ideas have been used for the secondary research. Data have collected from Magazines, Television, Radio, Websites, Books, and Journals, etc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.2 Primary Research:

 

“Qualitative data collection methods can be expensive and time consuming, although it can be argued that qualitative data in business research provides a more ‘real’ basis for analysis and interpretation” (2003)

 

There are various methods to collect the primary data for the research. Some of them are listed below and discussed in detail.

Ø      Critical Incident Technique

Ø      Diaries

Ø      Focus Groups

Ø      Interviews

Ø      Observation

Ø      Questionnaires

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.2.1 Critical Incident Technique:

 

Critical incident technique will be used in-depth interviews and it has flexible principles in it and can be changed according to the researcher based upon the situations. “Adopting a positivistic approach,  recommends that only simple types of judgments should be required of observers, who should be qualified. All observations should be evaluated by the observer in terms of an agreed statement of the activity. By following these principles, it is possible to gather facts ‘in a rather objective fashion with only a minimum of inferences and interpretation of a more subjective nature’. By , 1954, from ( 2003). The main disadvantage of this method is there is a chance for the participant to loose the memory of the event which the researcher talking about and there is chance to give wrong information and it makes the analysis in to very complex stage. (2003)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.2.2 Diaries:

 

In this data collection method the researcher request the participant to records some information or events in the diary for a specified time period. After the time period the researcher use the data from the diary for the research. The method helps researcher to collect sensitive and valuable data. The disadvantages in this method are the participant has to enter the exact information as required by the researcher, lot of time consumed to collect the data, writing styles of the participant may affect the data collection process also.

 

2.2.3 Focus Groups:

 

In this method the researcher will make a group of people to discuss about the given topic and gather the data for the research. The people who are participating in the discussion should have a good knowledge and experience in the field, which is related to the topic. The main disadvantage in this method is gathering of people to a same place and it will consume lot of time and effort.

 

 

 

 

 

 

2.2.4 Interviews:

 

Telephone interviews have some disadvantages. The interviewer could not able to collect the reliable data and the time. If the person we want to interviewed might be busy and couldn’t able to get the appointment for the interview and it will delay the research. Personal interviews have lot of advantages. We can get reliable information and detailed information. To have successful interview the researcher need to know almost all the details of the interviewed person and it will help the researcher to get the more inputs. ( 2005). If the interviewer has any doubts, he may have the chance to clarify with the person at the same time. But to get the appointment from the person for the interview will be an up hill task and it might delay the research.

 

2.2.5 Observation:

 

In the Observation method, the research has to observe the participant very carefully. The researcher will get the real and actual inputs from the participant. “The main disadvantage is that most observations are made by individuals who systematically observe and record a phenomenon, and it is difficult to translate the events or happenings in to scientifically useful information”. ( 2005)

 

 

2.2.6 Questionnaires:

 

Questionnaires are used in this research to collect the data. Because it will more easily for the researcher to send the questionnaires and the participants will respond the questionnaires whenever they have time. This will save more time and easy to collect and analyze the data.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statistical Treatment

 

PERCENTAGE – it was used in determining the percentage of frequency distribution of

                              the responses.

MEAN – it helped establish the measure of central tendency of the combined responses to each of the statements in the survey instrument

PEARSON COEFFICIENT OF CORRELATION (rp) – used for testing the null hypothesis

 

FORMULA FOR THE COMPUTATION:

A.              PERCENTAGE (p) = (f/n) 100

                  where:

                                    p = percentage

                                    f = frequency

                                    n = total number of respondents

                                100 = constant

 

 

 

 

 

 

B.        TEST THE HYPOTHESIS USING CORRELATION

            rp =      ∑ d(x1)d(x2)

                        ∑d2(x1) ∑d2(x2)          

            where:

                        rp = Pearson coefficient of correlation

                        d = deviation

                        x1 = stands for the users of birth control methods

                        x2 = stands for the non-users of birth control methods

C.        TESTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF rp

                        tc =  rp          _   N - 2____

                                                 1 – (rp)2

                where:

                        tc = computed value

                        rp = Pearson coefficient of correlation

                        N = total number of classes of statements (definition, advantages/

                               disadvantages, indications/contraindications, effectiveness,

                               side-effects)

D.        TESTING THE DEGREE OF FREEDOM

                        df = N – 2

            where:

                        df = degree of freedom

                        N =  total number of classes of statements

                        2 = constant

Limitations of the Research:

 

The research will be based on a multiple companies around the city. The research will be applicable only to these companies. For other companies the research may not be applicable. This research has done only for a company and it may not be applicable for other companies; the same may go true for the country. The data collected for the research will be used only for the research and not for any other purposes. The data collected for the research might not be 100% real data. Because The Questionnaires might be filled up by some other persons like the targeted participants secretary or someone might fill up the questionnaires upon the request of the participants or someone else from the participant’s company.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix: Questionnaire

 

Gender:

Age:

Company:

Occupation:

 

Instructions: Please encircle the letter of your choice.

 

1.      How many hours a day do you work?

a.      8-9 hours

b.      9-12 hours

c.      12-15 hours

d.      more than 15 hours

 

2.      Where do you work?

a.      home

b.      office

 

3.      Why do you work for long hours?

a.      it is part of my company’s culture

b.      it is expected by my employer

c.      it is the only way to deal with workload

d.      being seen working for long hours is vital

 

4.      Do you like working for long hours?

a.      Yes

b.      No

 

5.      Which of the following do you consider the effects of working long hours on your personal life:

a. Less time spent with family

b. Less time to socialize with friends

c. No effect at all

 

6.      Which of the following do you consider the effects of working long hours on your job:

a. Excellent quality of work

b. Less work done

c. Low quality of work

d. More work done

e. No effect at all

 

7.      Which of the following do you consider the effects of working long hours on your health:

a. Anxiety

b. Depression

c. Drinking too much

d. Exhaustion

e. Headaches

f. Insomnia

g. Irritability/bad temper

h. Lack of exercise

i. Lack of sleep

j. Loss of appetite

k. Loss of libido

l. Overeating

m. Smoking

m. No impact on health

 

8.      Do you think your pay is sufficient for the number of hours that you work?

a.      Yes

b.      No

 

9.      Of the many effects of working long hours, which do you think is the worse? ____________________________________________________

 

10.  How do you think your company could help you your grievances against long working hours?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

End of Questionnaire

 

 

 

 

Category : Dissertation Samples

TrackBack

TrackBack URL for this entry:
https://www.typepad.com/services/trackback/6a00e00987fe51883301156fadde2f970b

Listed below are links to weblogs that reference Causes and Effects of Working Long Hours:

Comments

Feed You can follow this conversation by subscribing to the comment feed for this post.

The comments to this entry are closed.

Online Users






Archives

  • November 2016
  • October 2016
  • July 2016
  • June 2016
  • May 2016
  • April 2016
  • February 2016
  • January 2016
  • December 2015
  • November 2015

More...

Blog powered by TypePad
Member since 06/2007